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专家:月薪5000以下可能减税 两三万以上再加税

2016-10-30 14:35:40   华夏时报

事实上,高收入和中低收入,不仅在法律上并没有明文划分,在实际操作中,也并没有按照税率划分。

“高收入还是中低收入,这是一个相对概念。比如北京、上海等一线城市,可能月收入在两三万元以上是比较高的收入,但是在宁夏、青海,月收入5000元的可能就是高收入。毕竟按照45%这个税率纳税的人,全国也没多少个。45%的税率,相当于月收入8万元,年收入96万元,这些人应该说确实是高收入。”孙钢表示。

“没有金钱上的划分,但国家税务总局曾经出过加强监管10类高收入行业9类高收入人群的文件。其中规定,规模较大的私营企业主、演员、经纪人等属于高收入人群;电信(移动通信)、烟草、金融等企事业单位,律师事务所、会计师事务所、房产代理公司等中介机构,外资企业、外国企业和外国企业驻华代表机构等属于高收入行业。”刘剑文说。

不过,这份文件仅以重点监管的角度划分了高收入人群和行业,并不具有法律效应,在实际征收中,也并没有按照高收入的标准多征收。

事实上,尽管个税在我国税收收入中的比重仅约6%,但作为收入调节的重点税种,代表的是一个相对公平的税负环境。

十八届三中全会决定中,曾提出“保护合法收入,调节过高收入,清理规范隐性收入,取缔非法收入,增加低收入者收入,扩大中等收入者比重,努力缩小城乡、区域、行业收入分配差距,逐步形成橄榄型分配格局”。

在这个框架下,个税改革建立“基本扣除+专项扣除”机制,目的就是适当增加专项扣除,对赡养老人、子女教育、医疗保险,以及住房按揭情况、隐性财产收入等弹性调节机制,进一步降低中低收入者税收负担。今年起,我国已在31个城市试点商业健康保险扣除政策,下一步还将开展税收递延型商业养老保险试点。

另一方面,是把收入来源复杂多样的高收入群体纳入个税征缴范围。“目前的分类征收的问题就是最容易达到避税,工薪阶层的收入来源很单一,可能就只有工资收入。在分类征收情况下,就成为了缴税的主体。收入很高的人,其收入构成非常复杂,很多高收入人群通过开公司的方式,给自己少发或不发工资来逃避个税,同时,将自用的房子、车子以公司名义购买,还能减少或逃避企业所得税的缴纳。”刘剑文表示。

针对这些高收入人群,在完善信息共享机制的基础上,加强征管,提高征收率。

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