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虹桥客机事故背后:全国空管7000 工资连降3年

2016-10-23 09:25:49   北青网

民航总局给出的事故调查说明中,双岗制落实不到位恰恰被重点提出。《航空知识》杂志主编王亚男解释说,我国的塔台管制员实施双岗制,一个人发出指令另一个人要负责监督,两个人共同来决策。在这次事件中,很有可能就是双岗制的流程没有履行到位。

从民航局的初步调查结论看,塔台空管并不是唯一的责任方。A330机组同样存在观察不周、关闭应答机等问题。

王亚男解读说,没有任何一起事故的征候是独立因素构成的,比如穿越跑道那架A330飞机在穿越之前,机组可能没有仔细观察跑道,否则一定会发现有另外一架飞机,已进入滑行姿态。还有一种说法,机组关闭了应答机或者是其他因素,没有及时显示在空管人员的显示屏上,所以可能导致空管人员没有及时监控到,造成指令的偏差。

空管方面的一位专家也指出,根据民航的工作流程,A320机组在与塔台的无线电通话频率里能听到管制员对A330机组发出的穿越跑道的指令,虽然在做起飞前的各项准备,仍应当对管制频率里的任何相关通话与指令保持警觉,有责任质疑、提醒和纠正管制员的错误指令。发现问题应当及时反馈给管制员。本次事件如果A320机组能够及时发现并提醒管制员,事件的危险程度会大大地降低,这应该是一个小瑕疵。

调查

空管员减薪令还要执行两年

普通公众会认为,管制员坐在塔台的玻璃窗前,指挥着载着数百人的大飞机在哪条跑道起飞、降落,在什么高度上飞行,还有权决定某个航班先飞,以及停靠在哪个机位,“说一不二”,他们掌控着某个时点上民航空域里的秩序。

“管制员工作确实给人很权威的感觉。但干时间长了就发现,远没有外人看到的光鲜。实际上遇上台风、雷雨天气特别繁忙的时候,别人下班了,我们不能。必须注意力高度集中盯着雷达屏幕,嘴里不停地发出指令,消耗掉大量脑细胞,没有人知道我们付出了什么。平日还有上模拟机、加班开会、分析总结会等,业余时间也比较简单,与外界的人接触不多。”某机场从事进近管制的小莫(化名)告诉北青报记者。

管制员的工作强度大、相对枯燥,但薪水却并不高。别说与飞行员比,实际上与航空公司做签派等岗位工作的同学相比,收入也要低30%左右。

目前,从天津民航大学、南京航空航天大学、广汉飞行学院管制专业本科毕业后的学生,就业并不首选薪酬待遇不尽如人意、工作强度较高的管制员岗位。“空管员的收入缺乏吸引力,确实影响了人员的招聘。过去,民航学院的学生毕业后首先选择去空管工作,然后是去航空公司和机场,现在完全是倒过来的情况,一定程度造成人才青黄不接”。

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