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特级飞行员揭秘航发产业:主战机发动机九成国产

2016-09-05 07:50:05   中国网

“不仅是没有自主知识产权,而且没有掌握核心技术。”吴国辉说,因此,到了上世纪八九十年代,当美国、欧洲、俄罗斯的航空技术迅速发展,三代战机普遍装配涡扇新一代发动机的时候,我国仍然在涡喷系列发动机的改进上“打转转”,在引进仿制与自主创新的道路上犹豫不前,本来与世界先进水平不大的差距,一下子拉大了。不仅新一代战机缺乏先进引擎的驱动,而且在役发动机也有一些质量安全隐患,被国人称之为“心脏病”难除。

主战机只有少量三代机装备进口发动机

经过60年的发展,我国已具备战斗机、轰炸机、强击机、运输机、教练机等多机种体系化飞机生产能力。与此相适应,建立了相对完整的发动机研制生产体系,具备了涡桨、涡喷、涡扇、涡轴等类发动机的系列研制生产能力。国产发动机主要装配在歼击机、强击机、轰炸机、歼击轰炸机等主战飞机上,只有少量三代战机装的是进口发动机。

例如,国产歼-5、歼-6、歼-7、歼-8等战斗机,适配了相应的涡喷-5、涡喷-6、涡喷-7等系列国产化发动机。随着“太行”发动机稳定性、安全性和可靠性的提高,已经大量安装在歼-11、歼-15、歼-16等三代战机上。

在轰炸机方面,轰-5、轰-6实现了发动机的国产化。运-7、运-8等运输机使用的涡桨发动机全部国产化。

随着直-9、直-8、直-10等整体技术的成熟,在引进的基础上实现涡轴-8、涡轴-6、涡轴-16发动机的系列化发展,为我国快速扩大的国产直升机群提供了可靠的动力来源。


运-20大型运输机

当前,我国航空工业正处于由大向强、由跟进追赶向比肩发展甚至弯道超越的阶段,无论是新一代的战斗机、轰炸机、运输机、无人机等军用机,还是大型客机、各类通用机,都迫切需要先进发动机强劲而可靠的驱动腾飞,航空发动机的又好又快发展已经成为“中国梦”的应有之义。

吴国辉坦言,国家已在中长期科技发展规划里明确把发动机作为一个重大科技专项来全力攻关发展,下决心集中人力、物力、财力自主研发系列化新型发动机,国产航空发动机进入了前所未有的发展快车道。在这样的背景下,中国航空发动机集团的成立,可以说是应运而生,任重道远。

军方在航发领域发挥牵引推进作用

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