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特级飞行员揭秘航发产业:主战机发动机九成国产

2016-09-05 07:50:05   中国网


资料图:解放军现役轰-6K型轰炸机

原标题:我军主战飞机国产发动机占比达90%

作为现代工业“皇冠上的明珠”,航空发动机一直是中国航空产业的“心”病。伴随我国第12家军工企业在京挂牌成立,国人对这家专注航空发动机的企业寄予厚望,希望它能取得当年“两弹一星”那样的成就。昨日,为期4天的空军航空开放活动落下帷幕,34型国产化武器装备中20余型军机引来全国关注,同时也给人们带来冷思考:对航发产业需求巨大的大国空军,目前国产化占比如何,达到什么样的水平?我们离航发强国还有多远?

所谓的国产化并不是完全的自主研发

今年57岁的空军特级飞行员吴国辉,大校军衔,曾任空军八一飞行表演队队长、空军航空兵某师副师长,有着30年飞行经验。作为一名有实战经验的老飞行员、如今国防大学后装教研部的教授,他在研究军事高科技、空军武器装备、装备安全管理方面有着独到见解。

目前,我国航空发动机国产化占比及性能究竟达到什么样的水平?近日,吴国辉在接受京华时报记者专访时表示,我国在工业化进程中建立了独立的航空发动机工业体系,仿制生产的发动机性能,在20世纪六七十年代就达到相当高的水平,在主要作战飞机中,国产发动机已经占到了90%左右的比例。

这里所谓的国产化,并不是完全自主研发的国产化,而是经过了一个引进、测仿、改进、创新的过程。由于我国的工业基础薄弱,为了满足军事上对航空发动机的强劲需求,采用苏联援助与引进生产的方式,在对苏联发动机生产技术引进、消化的基础上,进行型号改进,逐步实现规模化、系列化国产,基本满足我国空陆海航空部队的需要。

“没有过去引进、仿制、改进的过程,就不可能建立航空发动机体系化的工业体系,不可能为航空兵部队作战训练提供持续可靠的保障,也不能培养锻炼发动机的设计、试验与生产人才队伍,这是今天航空发动机集团创新发展的基础。”吴国辉说。


中国直-9武装型直升机

上世纪六七十年代,我国生产的航空发动机整体性能与当时世界主流水平相比差别并不大,根本的差距是国产发动机是以仿制改型为主,没有一型完全自主创新研制生产的发动机。

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