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个税改革方案提交国务院 确认房贷利息抵扣个税

2016-08-27 16:36:16   光明网

“总的方向是把11个分项综合起来再分类扣除,而不是简单按统一标准做工薪项下的扣除。”财政部部长楼继伟表示。

楼继伟认为,个人所得税综合计税很复杂,需要研究的内容很多,包括个人职业发展、再教育费用的扣除。满足基本生活的首套住宅按揭贷款利息的扣除;抚养孩子费用的扣除,要研究扣除什么阶段的教育费用,是义务教育阶段、高中阶段,还是大学阶段,要给予扣除。同时放开两孩后大城市和小城市标准不一,真正的费用是多少并不一样,税法必须要有一个统一的标准;还有如何扣除赡养老人费用等。

据了解,目前凡是实行家庭制征个税的国家,往往都实行的是综合所得税制或综合分类相结合的所得税制。以家庭为单位征税必须具备四个条件,首先是尽可能完备的税制设计,不能影响纳税人的结婚选择,为了防止“婚姻减负”或“婚姻惩罚”现象的出现,在设计生活费扣除时,要充分考虑家庭成员的情况。其次是重视纳税人自行申报的方法,家庭申报不适用于公司直接扣除,需要自行到税务部门申报缴纳,纳税人的自觉性和诚信观念都非常重要。相应的,要具备较高的税收征管水平,税务机关能清楚掌握纳税人的收入情况,能及时发现瞒报、漏报收入的现象,并能对违章者进行处罚,以维护税法的尊严和依法纳税的良好氛围,同时要有方便快捷的涉税服务专业人员,对不能准确申报的纳税人实施代理或服务。

但在我国,不仅是抵扣,在具体税制设计上,需要完善的还有很多。

“比如同样为劳动所得的工资薪金和劳务报酬,税收负担存在明显差异,税负不平。如果个人取得3500元工资薪金,由于目前的费用扣除标准就是3500元,因此该人可以不缴纳个人所得税,但如果个人取得的是3500元劳务报酬,却需要缴纳540元个人所得税,这也体现出一种不公平。”首都经济贸易大学税收研究所副所长刘颖表示。

据了解,个税改革将分步到位。先做一些比较简单的部分,再随着信息系统、征管条件和大家习惯的建立,逐渐完善改革。

优惠有限

尽管抵扣项目十分丰富,然而最受关注的,莫过于住宅按揭贷款利息的扣除,简而言之,就是将购房人的住房按揭贷款利息支出可以作为起税前项进行抵扣。个税抵扣房贷政策的效果不直接体现在房贷上,而是还贷人的收入。这条政策对于购买高档住宅且工资水平较高的人群减负效果更加明显。

房贷利息抵扣个税已经确认,并且可以确定该方案会在全国推广。”财政部财政科学研究所原所长贾康表示。

上述财税系统人士给《华夏时报》记者算了一笔账:如果是在免征额以内的家庭,原本就不用缴纳个税,那么个税的任何抵扣将与其无关,包括房贷、养老方面的抵扣。对于超过免征额不足1500元的人来说,是按照个税税率3%计算,即使全部抵扣,每1元房贷仅能抵扣0.03元,即每1000元房贷抵扣30元;对于超过免征额1500元但不足4500元的人来说,按照10%的税率计算,每1元的房贷可抵扣0.1元,即每1000元房贷可抵扣100元。随着收入的增加,可抵扣的个税越多。

不过,据贾康透露,截止到2015年两会,缴纳个税的人只有2800万人,占整个人口总数的不到2%。因此,个税抵扣的优惠并不普及。

贾康认为,不能独立地看待个税改革,本轮个税改革要站在整个税制改革的宏观层面去思考,税制改革应以保护纳税人权利为中心,纳税人总体税负不应增加。

“如何解决这一问题,应当将个税改革与增值税、消费税等间接税改革结合在一起考虑,就是说,如果个税改革增加了纳税人的负担,就应当通过降低增值税、消费税等间接税税负,让纳税人得到更多实惠,实现直接税与间接税一体化的改革。”贾康称。

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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