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山西"煤改"后遗症:七大省属煤炭企业负债1.2万亿

2016-08-12 08:09:22   环球网

2009年左右的煤改就在这种“强迫”手段下完成了。但很不巧的是,在山西大肆煤改之际,煤炭行业还处于巅峰状态。但在有些小煤矿升级改造结束甚至改造之中,煤价已开始走入下行通道,这也使很多煤矿被迫投资改造后却难以收回投资,甚至难以投产。当然,后来煤炭行业这种巨变,可能是煤改前并未料到的。

而在如今这轮煤炭去产能的过程中,很多当时整合改造服务期限还未到的煤矿被迫关闭了。比如,阳煤集团的元堡煤矿就已在2015年关闭。元堡垒年产能达500万吨,是2009年煤改时才进行整合的煤矿。据2009年5月的公开报道,元堡煤矿整合前年产能15万吨,整合后年产能300万吨,可采储量2.28亿吨,服务年限预计在54年左右。

被迫出局的煤老板们现在看来是“因祸得福”

对于大型煤企来说,有些小煤矿他们并不情愿收购;而对彼时的小煤矿来说,2009年左右正处于煤价高位,他们也并不愿被收购。但他们也只有两个选择,要么是按照规定投资进行升级改造,要么是被大型煤企收购改造后再生产。在这种情况下,一般小煤矿因为资金的问题,多数会采取第二种方案。但是,即便是被迫接受了第二种方案,很多小煤矿的经营者们也没有得到应有的补偿。

2009年9月28日,山西省下发《关于煤矿企业兼并重组资源价款处置办法》,规定兼并重组的主体企业应向被兼并者退还资源价款,并按原价款标准的50%给予经济补偿。上述山西业内分析人士也表示,按照估算,这个标准远低于市场的评估价格。

其实在山西,彼时民间资本主要流向还是煤炭产业。而山西煤改这种看似有些“一刀切”的整合模式,直接将大批煤老板推向悬崖边缘,使得部分民间资本不可避免地撤出煤炭产业。有人估计,这部分资本超过千亿元。那时候受伤最严重的,莫过于浙商投资群体。据浙江方面相关人士估计,浙江大约有500亿民营资本“深陷其中”,损失严重。

北京师范大学中国市场经济研究中心副主任林永生表示,如果没有当初高门槛的煤改,允许小煤矿企业自由竞争,它们会充分利用其自身灵活性的特点,根据市场变化及时调整自身经营策略,应该可以减少或避免市场风险。即便是遇到后来的行业萎靡,企业自身难以经营下去了,那也是市场选择地自动被淘汰。

不过,在2012年左右煤炭行业开始进行下行通道,很多煤企都是在赔钱生产。上述山西的研究人士称,其实现在再回头来看,煤改时有些小煤矿被强行收购好像也并不是绝对的坏事。倘若那时民营的煤老板没有卖掉小煤矿,而且自己还进行投资改造的话,现在可能就笑不出来了。而煤改时因卖掉小煤矿而懊恼煤老板们,现在看来就“因祸得福”了。

此外,中宇资讯煤炭分析师关大利对澎湃新闻分析称,虽说当时山西政府用带有强制性的行政手段进行煤改,但确实也抑制了部分煤炭产能,否则煤炭行业的产能过剩现象将比现在更加严重。同时因为当时的煤改,使山西半数以上的煤炭集中在山西七大省属煤企手中。在此轮煤炭去产能的过程中,这些国有煤企落实得相对来说更好,才使得煤价开始触底反弹,煤炭形势出现向好的迹象。而作为同时在去产能的钢铁行业,因集中度不高,去产能的效果远不如煤炭行业。


责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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