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日媒抱怨中国高质量石油产品威胁日本石化工业

2016-08-11 16:42:43   观察者网

中国的石油产品品质因中国政府强化环保规定正在逐渐接近日本的油品。在获得原油进口许可之前,“茶壶炼油厂”一般从俄罗斯等地进口硫磺含量较高的重油进行提炼。生产出来的石油产品硫磺含量较高,油品不佳,成为造成环境污染的原因之一。在获得原油进口许可后,“茶壶炼油厂”能够进口硫磺含量较低的阿曼产原油和俄罗斯产原油,其石油产品的品质也出现提升。

除了原料从重油向原油转变之外,炼油厂的设备也发生了变化。东燃通用石油公司表示,“随着中国国内的石油产品品质标准不断提高,炼油设备的能力也出现提升。结果,中国对外出口的石油产品品质逐渐达到与(世界最高品质的)日本相同的水平”。

伊藤调查和咨询公司的代表伊藤敏宪认为,“日本出口的轻油硫磺含量较低,因此交易价格较高”,但他同时指出,随着中国油品的提升,这种“日本高品油”恐难以为续。

JX能源表示,“2015年底之后,中国开始向澳大利亚出口高品质的轻油”,在亚洲市场上与日本产品形成竞争。尽管“日本高品油”正在面临危机,但日本油企采取的应对策略仅为“关注市场行情的同时向有利润可图的地区出口”。

JX能源常务执行董事花谷清表示,“8月计划出口89万千升,同比增加13万千升。主要为喷气式飞机的原料轻油”。各大油企计划以轻油为主向亚洲积极出口。但是,亚洲市场上的石油产品供过于求。

8月上旬,新加坡的石油产品库存同比增加接近1成,达到历史性高位。当前1桶8美元左右的轻油利润也可能因供给过剩进一步下降。伊藤敏宪指出,“如果利润降至1桶5美元左右,包括轻油在内的石油产品出口将愈发严峻”。由于中国出口的石油产品对亚洲市场行情的影响巨大,对茶壶炼油厂的关注度也越来越高。

日本炼油业正持续衰退,炼油厂纷纷抱团取暖

有分析称,90年代末至今以后,中国、中东和东南亚等地的炼油和石化产业开始快速发展,日本石化产品外销的潜力不断被挤压,加之国内经济长期处于低迷状态,日本的原油消费量逐年呈现下滑态势,炼油业至今仍处于第二个衰退期。

2015年12月,共同社报道,日本第一大炼油商吉坤控股(JX)和排名第三的东燃通用石油公司已宣布,双方基本同意合并。两家公司将通过让东燃股东认购吉坤股份的换股方式进行合并。力争合并的时期为2017年4月。

目前日本国内汽油和煤油销量持续减少,吉坤和东燃想通过整合炼油厂来削减经费,从而在需求减少的情况下也能盈利,希望合并后5年之内业绩改善金额一年超过1000亿日元(约合人民币52亿元)。在炼油商中排行第二的出光兴产和排名第五的昭和壳牌已决定在2017年4月底之前合并。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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