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日媒抱怨中国高质量石油产品威胁日本石化工业

2016-08-11 16:42:43   观察者网

全球航道和主要港口上密密麻麻的大型油轮

继电子工业、造船业、钢铁工业之后,日本石油化工也感受到了来自中国的压力。

日本经济新闻报道称,中国石油产品加大出口,而且品质显著提高,严重冲击了“日本高品油”市场,竞争日益恶化。为获得客户和占领市场,中国原油正在日本高品质石油展开“贴身肉搏”。

日媒报道称,亚洲的石油产品行情出现恶化,原因之一是2015年下半年之后中国的石油产品对亚洲的出口急剧增加。2016年6月,中国石油产品出口量达422万吨,创历史新高。2016年1~6月总出口量为2147万吨,同比大幅增长45%。

当前轻质原油价格减去材料价格所得的利润为每桶8美元左右,比2015年上半年缩水近一半。当时同样产品的平均利润在每桶桶14美元以上。

2014年6月起,国际原油价格水平从超过100美元一路下滑至不到30美元的低点,且至今未回升至50美元以上水平。但出于某些国际博弈因素,世界原油产量却居高不下,造成了全球大型油轮的压港奇观,也为我国炼化业提供了大量低价原料。

中国石油产品出口自2015年下半年显著提高

为了确保收益和化解国内库存过剩,日本石油企业十分重视出口。而现状让日本油企陷入了困境。此外,中国石油产品的品质逐渐提高,已与日本不相上下,这成为另一个令人担忧的因素。日本轻油品质较高,交易价格也较高,但由于中国厂商的崛起,“日本高品油”也遭遇了危机。

日本油企尤其对被称为“茶壶”的中国小型独立炼油厂崛起表示警惕。茶壶炼油厂出口的石油产品急剧增加,品质也逐渐提升。

青岛港油港码头,卸下的原油大量供应“茶壶”炼油厂

中国政府于2015年6月前后,以汽油和轻油的硫磺含量在标准值以下为条件,允许独立炼油厂进口石油。日本东燃通用石油公司表示,“独立炼油厂的原料从原来的重油变为原油,汽油和柴油的生产比例提升”。

之后,中国政府在2015年12月又发放了出口许可。因此,中国的石油产品出口迅速增加。“茶壶炼油厂”精炼的汽油和轻油在中国国内市场无法完全消化,剩下的石油产品涌入了亚洲市场。

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