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媒体:中国为何成全球首个"网约车合法化"国家?

2016-07-29 09:06:43   环球时报

原标题:社评:网约车合法化,中国何以成全球首例

网约车合法化7月28日在中国正式成为现实。交通部副部长刘小明当天出席国务院新闻办的记者会,解读了国家《关于深化改革推进出租汽车行业健康发展的指导意见》,以及《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》。这两份文件事实上允许私家车加入到网约车行列,这一点尤受瞩目。

这很可能是世界范围内第一个宣布网约车合法化的国家法规。因此28日不仅是中国出租汽车史上的重要时刻,也是全球网约车发展的里程碑式时刻。

网约车业务2009年起源于美国,开创该业务的优步(Uber)公司如今已在全球220多个城市开展业务,同时也饱受争议,面对了无穷无尽的抗议和法律官司。从美国本土的一些州到欧洲发达国家及印度等第三世界国家的很多城市,优步业务潮起潮落,既显势不可挡,又不断遭禁。出租车司机对它的群体反对及少数安全事故引发的质疑似乎成了优步的两大克星。

优步也进入了中国,但2012年以来中国也涌现了一批本土网约车公司,其中滴滴打车占有了中国各地网约车市场的最大份额。网约车在中国也一再遭到出租车司机的群体抗议,乘客遭侵害的个别事件不时成为网络轰动新闻。

中国各地政府对网约车一直采取含混态度,它们在很长时间里不表态支持网约车,“抓黑车”行动常把网约车一起打击,但各地政府总体上对网约车采取了宽容态度。近四年来中国没有一个城市宣布全面禁止网约车,而这期间以法令或法官判决形式禁止网约车的城市不断在世界各国出现。

网约车从一开始就跳到了各城市出租车行业管理之外,并且同的哥群体发生利益冲突。出租车行业利用法律击溃它似乎志在必得。然而网约车却逆着“法理”和“商规”一步步做大,正所谓“野火烧不尽”。根本原因就在于它对应了绵延不绝的市场需求,全世界的消费者都成了它现实中以及互联网上的支持者。

需求比什么都强大,在自由市场时代这个逻辑尤其难以抗拒。此外互联网不仅在颠覆一些传统业态,而且在重塑人们的很多价值认识。网约车的兴起成为这些道理的深度注释。

中国社会常被认为在接受新事物方面是保守的,但我们成为了第一个网约车合法化的大经济体。中国不是网约车的技术发明国,却成为了这一技术最开明、坚定的使用者。这个例子显示,在促进民生方面,中国有着比很多社会更强有力的推动力和解决力。

网约车对社会的总体有益性是显而易见的,它迅速风靡市场就是明证。它的难点在于如何处理与原有出租车行业体系的关系,如何实现对它的监管不低于出租车现有行业监管的水平。

这些问题大概并不因网约车的正式合法化而自然化解。合法化恐怕应被视为拉开了全面改革出租车行业的帷幕,大量工作仍有待开展。比如不要让全国广大出租车司机成为这场改革的输家,而是要尽量帮助他们分享扩大了的出租车行业蛋糕。这一点做得越好越细,越有利于这项改革的全面成功。

网约车是非常典型的共享经济,对出租车市场来说它的到来堪称出其不意。它让我们看到互联网时代社会变化的进度、广度和深度。这不是个容易守成的时代,有些创新原本看上去与我们不相干,但它转瞬之间就可能影响我们的生活,生活在这个时代,我们需要精神饱满,永远迎着新事物走。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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