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救援官兵忆唐山大地震:都是臭味 戴防毒面具也没用

2016-07-28 08:08:32   澎湃新闻网

到达唐山的地点是沟东北后街,我们也就在那里抗震救灾。第二天,领导现场召集说了情况。我们部队的任务是:第一,救人;第二,挖人,就是把埋在里面的人挖出来,能有活的就活的。工具没有自已想办法。一开始我们住在铁路上,记得头一个礼拜,我们的被子都没打开过,背包当枕头;后来住在唐山二中的操场上,搭的帐篷是部队想办法带过来的。唐山的余震不断,放在脸盆里的水,盆底下一点点,都能被余震晃出来,可见余震的能量特别大。

说实话,我们这支部队在唐山就是挖死难者,活人基本上没救到,这是后话。8月1日,我碰到一个小女孩,17岁,是在唐山下面一个县里插队落户的。她跪在我面前说:“解放军叔叔,能不能救救我。我家里父母亲都压在下面好几天了,我怕他们不行了。”我就把任务布置下去,跟着到了她家。小姑娘自己没受伤。她家里的爸爸妈妈,哥哥嫂子,外加小侄子,五个,还有两个弟弟,一共两部炕:爸爸妈妈、两个弟弟一部炕,哥哥嫂子跟她的小侄子一部炕,侄子很小,一岁都不到。东北的房子,是棱上面加厚的梁,房子整个扑下来了,不得了。我们掀开一看,人基本上都是在睡眠的状态当中。哥哥嫂子如果不是被蚊帐缠着,应该是能出去的,小孩在他们夫妻俩中间。一家七口全遇难了。我们没有任何口罩等防护用具,天太热,太阳一晒,一蒸发,人死后的气味特别臭。人扒出来以后埋在哪里?用什么来裹啊?她哥哥是新婚,我们就把他家箱子撬开,把里面的被子拿出来裹上。后来来了指令,要把尸体装在车上运到郊区去。

正常情况下,我们都是按分配的任务,每家每户去扒,后来操作得都很熟练了,把被子铺在地上,两个人用撬翻过来一裹,就把尸体裹起来了。大约过了个把礼拜,空中投放了装尸体的塑料袋供当兵的使用。再后来,口罩也有了,手套也有了,可解决不了大问题啊!我们先把牙膏、后把捣碎的大蒜放在口罩里面,再把口罩戴在脸上,相对好一点。防毒面具是半个月以后才发的。苍蝇满天飞。有的尸体埋得久了,蛆从鼻子里、眼睛里钻出来,手上的皮像水泡一样,全部要装进塑料袋里。当时很多死难者是被活着的家人埋在自家门口的,后来有命今说,这些死难者需要重新挖出来,运到郊区去埋。我们撤离的那天,还有大姑娘的辫子露在边上,叫我们去挖呢。从内心讲,谁不忌讳啊?但当兵的没有任何的选择,必须这样做。还有一个任务,就是搭简易棚,就是帮活着的人暂时解决居住的问题。

在整个唐山救援的过程中,基本上都是当兵的在行动,陆军最多,其次是海军,空军主要是运输和空投。所以,解放军绝对是中流砥柱。我们没有任何想法或要求。这就是我们撤离的时候,当地的百姓追着我们的车子,跑走了好长时间的原因。

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