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人社部专家:延迟退休不会导致年轻人就业难

2016-07-26 07:44:05   京华时报

实际情况是,儿子可能看不上父亲干的活。现实中有些行业缺工,相当部分劳动者退而不休,更多年轻人就业是进入新兴行业,因此,延退占用的就业岗位并不会绝对地替代年轻人的就业机会,年轻人的就业机会主要还是取决于经济发展和产业转型升级。同时,劳动年龄人口减少的趋势对冲了实施渐进式延迟退休政策产生的就业影响。

大龄技能单一者将受影响

郑东亮认为,延迟退休对社会而言,增加了劳动力供给;对劳动者来说,一方面增加了为社会创造财富的时间,另一方面按照养老保险制度多缴多得的机制,也会增加退休后的养老金,对社会、对个人均有益。

不过郑东亮也承认,延迟退休对大龄劳动者,特别是技能单一的大龄劳动者的就业有一定影响。为此,需要开发更多的合适岗位,采取有针对性的就业扶持政策,支持这些劳动者就业,加强对大龄劳动者的权益保障。因此,实施延迟退休政策需要制定相应的配套政策措施,尽可能消除消极影响。

记者观察

延退应考虑收入水平和社会福利水平差距

人社部专家这次关于延迟退休问题的集体解读,无论是从时间跨度还是地域广度的梳理和介绍,乃至政策拟出台的公共管理需求和社会环境变化等因素,都介绍得较为详尽。就连“延迟”一词本身属于“褒义”还是“贬义”,也专门进行了说明。

然而当前延迟退休问题之所以在国内受到如此瞩目,是因为很难仅靠一些国外数据资料就让大家全盘接受。

对于国内的人均收入水平和国外相关国家的人均收入水平,以及国内的社会福利保障水平和其他国家的社会福利保障水平,乃至国内的物价涨幅通货膨胀状况和国外的物价涨幅通货膨胀状况,这些相关问题的官方解读却似乎涉及不多。

不仅如此,相比一些发达国家,其人群收入水平呈现为橄榄核型,中产阶层所占人群总体数量是最多的。而在我国,由于人口基数大,拿着各地最低工资的人群,仍是一个相对较大的人数。对于这些低收入群体来说,很多人恰恰是简单体力劳动者,或者属于技能单一的人群。这部分人群随着年龄的增加,到了60岁以上,很难期待其还能继续获得良好的就业机会。

目前,我国之所以对于4050人员(指处于劳动年龄段中女40岁以上、男50岁以上者)给与了一些特殊的就业优惠政策,就是因为虽然其本人就业愿望迫切,但随着年龄增长,加上自身就业条件较差、技能单一等原因,难以在劳动力市场通过竞争实现就业。而一旦延迟退休政策实施,将退休年龄延迟至60岁以上,这些老龄就业者将如何通过政策性规定而实现就业,极为引人关注。

人社部国际劳动保障研究所所长莫荣在解读中的一段介绍令人印象深刻,“对于无法就业的老年人要有相关福利保障政策。如2004年6月,日本重新修改《老年人就业稳定法》,规定所有企业都有义务雇用老年人。”

曾有统计一度显示,全国非公有制经济企业对就业的贡献率甚至有八成左右,换言之,约八成就业者是在非公单位。由于非公有制经济企业通常既缺乏财政拨款,又不像一些国企那样占有垄断性资源,因此企业间竞争程度极为充分,职工间基本都是竞争上岗。对于这些广大的非公有制经济企业,如何促进其吸纳老人就业,无疑成为了横亘在有关部门面前的一道“必答题”。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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