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专家:延迟退休是国际趋势 发达国家普遍65以上退休

2016-07-26 07:40:55   新京报

原标题:人社部专家:发达国家普遍65岁以上退休

专家称延迟退休应有过渡期,日本、韩国从立法到真正实行延迟退休间隔13年

记者吴为

昨日,人社部官网公布了该部专家对“渐进式延迟退休年龄”政策的解读。专家表示,适时、适度并且渐进式地提高法定退休年龄,已经成为各国调整退休政策的发展趋势。

对于目前国际通行的法定退休年龄,专家表示,发达国家普遍执行65岁以上的退休年龄,有的甚至达到70岁。同时,人社部专家建议,延长退休年龄从立法到实行要有一定的过渡期,日本、韩国,从立法到真正实行,间隔13年。

解读

“提高退休年龄成发展趋势”

人社部社会保障研究所所长金维刚表示,从国际上看,随着人口预期寿命的延长、人口老龄化程度的提高、劳动力市场供不应求、老年人口抚养比增加、社会养老保障资金收支压力增大等方面的因素变化,许多国家都在逐步提高法定退休年龄。

“实际上,从上世纪七十年代以来,已经有60多个国家和地区不同程度地提高了法定退休年龄,适时、适度并且渐进式地提高法定退休年龄,已经成为各国应对上述因素变化而调整退休政策的发展趋势。”金维刚说。

人社部国际劳动保障研究所所长莫荣介绍:“我们对全球170个国家或地区的退休年龄情况进行了梳理。发达国家普遍执行65岁以上的退休年龄,有的甚至达到70岁,如以色列。少数经济落后的小国,执行的是低于60岁的退休年龄,它们或者是养老金制度不完善,覆盖人群有限,或者是人均预期寿命较低。”

“劳动力减少致延迟退休”

“各国法定退休年龄并不是一成不变,其变化呈现出‘先高后低再逐步走高’的趋势。”莫荣介绍,最早建立养老保险制度的国家,对退休年龄的设定主要基于成本的考虑,因此设定的退休年龄较高。随着制度逐步稳定,基金不断积累,因此许多国家会下调以往过高的退休年龄。不过近年来,随着预期寿命延长、劳动生产强度下降等,许多国家又开始调高退休年龄。

具体对于我国而言,提高退休年龄还有劳动力方面的考虑。人社部劳动科学研究所所长郑东亮说:“2020年之后劳动年龄人口年均减少幅度将加大,劳动年龄人口从2011年高峰期的9亿多,将减少到2050年的7亿左右。”

郑东亮表示,虽然劳动生产率逐步提高,但教育年限延长,劳动者的工作年限减少,社会总体劳动力资源在减少。因此,必须充分开发利用劳动力资源,而渐进式的延迟退休是一个途径。

“延迟退休年龄提法不恰当”

人社部新闻发言人李忠在该部今年二季度新闻发布会上介绍,实施延迟退休会坚持“小步慢提,逐步到位”,对于“小步慢提”政策,莫荣介绍,延长退休年龄从立法到开始实行,有一定的过渡期,并且真正实行后采用小步慢跑策略,不是一步延迟到位。像日本、韩国,从立法到真正实行,间隔13年,美国甚至更长。

这项政策未来公布后将广泛征求意见,凝聚社会共识。金维刚认为适当提高法定退休年龄,是一种正常的公共管理措施和社会现象,从这个意义上讲,“延迟退休年龄”的提法并不一定恰当。

“将国家依法提高法定退休年龄标准称之为延迟退休年龄,不仅不够科学,而且由于‘延迟’一词本身包含一定的贬义,名不正则言不顺,容易将国家适当提高法定退休年龄的正常举措视为不正常,从而引起公众的反感和抵触。”金维刚说。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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