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全国“毒地”超百万块 修复市场容量超20多万亿

2016-06-08 16:30:25   第一财经日报

中国土壤环境修复产业技术创新战略联盟7日公布的最新测算结果显示,目前全国污染场地数量在100万至200万块,国内土壤修复市场总容量约为204729.2亿元。

在当日召开的“国际清洁技术与融资峰会”上,该战略联盟理事长姜林透露,由22家国内知名从业单位大规模协作编制的《中国土壤修复技术与市场发展研究报告》即将发布。

土壤总体形势不容乐观

姜林介绍,该报告在调研空间维度上涉及29个省(自治区、直辖市)、166个地级市和373个县区,覆盖全部细分领域,包括场地、农田、矿山、油田、盐碱地、非正规垃圾填埋场,地下水等全领域。共采集收录样本755个,其中明确承接单位的样本项目541个,明确预算金额的样本项目464个,明确资金来源的样本项目316个,明确应用技术的样本项目177个。

报告披露,目前我国土壤总体形势不容乐观,部分地区污染严重;工业污染场地修复原位技术比例较低,风险控制技术未能得到应用。我国目前污染场地技术标准非常不完善,基本是在调查和技术方案部分。修复过程相关的技术导则基本缺失。尚缺乏高效的污染土壤修复商业模式和资金投入机制。土壤修复资金来源仍相对单一,主要依靠政府财政。

调查发现,场地污染情况最为严峻,主要分布在重污染企业用地、工业废弃地、采矿区、工业园区、污水灌溉区等用地,超标点率介于20.3%-36.6%。污染特点集中表现为污染物浓度高、成分复杂、污染土壤深度大,土壤和地下水往往同时被污染。从污染物种类看,主要污染物为重金属、POPs、石化有机污染物三类。

农田污染总点位超标率为19.4%,且以轻微污染为主。从污染物来看,农田污染物主要为重金属及农药等。其中,重金属污染总体不容乐观,局部形势严峻;污染农田主要分布在我国南方湘、赣、鄂、川、桂、粤等省区。污染区域主要为工矿企业周边农区、污水灌区、大中城市郊区和南方酸性水稻土区等。

在调查的70个矿区的1672个土壤点位中,矿山污染超标点位占33.4%,主要污染物为镉、铅、砷和多环芳烃。有色金属矿区周边土壤镉、砷、铅等污染较为严重。

调查发现,油田污染土壤具有普遍性,落地原油是油田开发中产生的最重要的土壤污染物,原油对土壤的初步污染多集中于地表下0-50厘米的表层。

姜林介绍,据统计,2001至2009年间,全国共有98000家企业关停或搬迁,其中部分为化工厂、农药厂、钢铁厂、焦化厂、金属冶炼、电镀和机械加工厂等大量排放危险废弃物的企业,很可能为高风险污染场地。

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