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山西最紧张时刻:万亿煤炭巨债缠身 60%在银行

2016-04-24 10:08:47   21世纪经济报道

任东风说,国有煤炭集团大约有20%的贷款都是没有任何资产抵押的信用贷款,“抵押也没什么太大意义,将来你怎么执行呀?”

分类“去产能”

山西煤炭业债务风险目前主要集中在民营企业身上,对于中大型企业,尤其是国有企业,银行还会尽量保持原有贷款额度。

为进一步控制风险,在山西银监局的统筹推动下,4月13日,十家代表银行联合成立的“债权人委员会”在山西省正式落地,希望鼓励银行一致行动,共同帮扶困难企业,并使“僵尸企业”有序退出。

依据这一制度,截至2015年年末,在三家及以上银行业金融机构进行债务融资,且债务融资余额在5亿元及以上,或债务融资余额1亿元以上,但已有不良或产生逾期的企业、企业集团,今后均需成立“债权人委员会”。

据《山西晚报》报道,山西省辖内亟须组建债权人委员会的企业共有233户,主要分布在煤炭、钢铁、焦化、电力、交通等主导行业。

多位受访者认为,山西煤炭业债务风险目前主要集中在民营企业身上,国有煤炭集团虽然困难,但风险可控。

“‘债权人委员会’主要是针对中小企业协调,五大煤炭集团只不过是挂个名而已。”参与“债权人委员会”组建的银行业人士许小平告诉南方周末记者,对于暂时遇到困难的中小企业,银行将共同帮扶,实在难以救活的,法律上采取债务保全这种方式进行处理,主要防止企业在剥离债务的过程中逃废债,给银行带来损失。

而对于中大型企业,尤其是国有企业,银行还是会尽量保持原有贷款额度,不会增加也不会减少。国有银行对山西煤炭企业整体的授信额度余地很大,例如截止到2015年9月末,同煤集团有银行授信额度合计1812亿元,其中还有995亿元剩余未用。

“我们也想收紧贷款,但是我们不能这么做。”许小平解释,因为一家银行收贷款,全部银行都会去收,而任何一家国有企业倒下,都很容易引起连锁反应。“银行违约还好说,债券违约就特别严重。”

在王豫刚看来,山西煤炭企业只要还能支付银行利息就可以了,毕竟比起1994-2001年上一个煤炭下行周期,情况还是要好不少,无论是煤炭企业还是各级职工,都在“黄金十年”积攒下了一定的家底,比如企业的采矿权基本实现资本化,同时煤炭集团旗下均有上市公司。

2016年两会期间,全国人大代表、山西省长李小鹏在代表团开放日活动上表示,山西省就是要通过淘汰一批、延缓一批、重组一批、废除一批、核减一批等方式,坚决化解过剩产能、提升优质产能。

许小平告诉南方周末记者,究竟是主动去产能还是被动去产能,在山西一直存有很大争议。主动去产能即完全按照市场规律来,被动去产能则“要承担很多东西”,尤其像并购重组,需要许多资金运作,这些资金最终要有获利。最为棘手的是,并购方要承担全部的债权债务,还要安置被并购方的员工。

王豫刚认为,与内蒙古等地的煤炭企业不同,山西的煤炭企业规模大,有的甚至一家企业就是一座城市,“市场化解决”就意味着地方社会秩序受到较大影响。而始于2008年的煤炭整合,私人煤矿退出,国有七大煤炭集团高位接盘,可能正是山西煤炭困局的根源。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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