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揭秘二类疫苗灰色利益链:20元采购可卖至上百元

2016-03-24 00:24:36   第一财经日报

“在SARS之前,一般基层疾控体系基本没有政府支持,都是靠自己找饭吃,很多人都自己找买卖做,甚至卖煤球炉子。”一位卫生系统的人士表示。

正是长期这种自食其力的生存习惯,导致了倒卖低价近效期疫苗的出现,也造就了更大的利润空间。

“对于二类疫苗,每个省份的政策不同,但多数还是以疾控系统为主要中转站,企业会把疫苗通过代理商销售给疾控部门,再分发到各级疾控系统,最终抵达接种点,但是这个传递过程中,每层的价格都不同,比如上一级疾控部门以每支20元采购的疫苗,会以60元的价格销售给下一级,而下一级单位会再以100多元价格卖给接种者。但是二类疫苗可以不走疾控系统,也可以买其他机构的疫苗,于是就出现了疫苗销售公司、代表等,窜货就会出现。同样的疫苗,他们只要30元一支,接种点当然要这支加价空间更大的疫苗。”一位基层食药监部门的人士表示。

“每个企业对于二类疫苗都有自己的销售途径,有的企业拥有自己的销售队伍,有的企业是经过代理商模式进行销售,然后总代理商再往下继续分级。但是二类疫苗多数还是以销售到疾控部门为主,不针对医疗机构的接种点,因为配送比较麻烦。二类疫苗进入疾控部门之后,由疾控部门再往下分发。但是由于二类疫苗属于自愿接种,数量就很难控制,疫苗很容易出现近效期疫苗,一旦出现这样的疫苗,为了处理库存,无论是经销商还是疾控部门都会出现大甩卖的情况,这些甩卖的疫苗很多都流向了个人代理那里,然后再以比较低的价格进入接种点。”一位疫苗生产企业的人士表示。

“对于这些近效期的疫苗,如果没有资质的个人想买走,疾控部门或者疫苗经销商,他们都会帮个人搞定资质,找一个有资质的公司,挂牌、走货,谁也不知道那些近效期的疫苗去了哪里。因为近效期的疫苗都是低价处理,谁也不想坏在自己手上,更何况,又有需要低价疫苗的地方,就给这些窜货的个人带来了空间。”上述地方食药监体系人员说。

2015年11月,四川广元市纪委公布近期查处的一起疾控系统腐败窝案,就是工作人员在疫苗采购和销售过程中吃拿回扣,基层接种站违规加价。

经调查,广元疾控中心原副主任刘某交代,当地市、县疾控系统多名干部存在收受贿赂的问题,甚至以主动提高疫苗进价,加价部分作为额外回扣的方式疯狂敛财。

2012年,时任广元市朝天区疾控中心主任孙某主动要求供应商将乙脑疫苗价格从20元/支提高到40元/支,其中虚高的20元由供应商和疾控中心干部瓜分,孙某从中分得9.6万元。

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