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海洋浮式结构物

2016-03-21 16:10:25   观察者网

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近日,记者从中船重工集团公司获悉,我国大型海洋浮式结构物关键技术研究取得一系列突破性进展,已被国家有关部门批准立项,列入我国“十三五”规划纲要即将实施的百项重大工程。大型浮式结构物可以布设在海岸附近,作为陆地的延伸,扩大原来设施的功能和用途。例如原来建设在海边的机场,可以将新建跑道或原有跑道利用大型浮式结构物向海中扩展,从而加长跑道或增加跑道。

大型海洋浮式结构物(VLFS)是指那些尺度以公里计的浮式海洋结构物,区别于目前尺度以百米计的船舶和海洋工程结构物。选择超大型海洋浮式结构物进行海洋开发是由于它与其他工程项目(如填海)相比,具有可移动性、受地震冲击小、对环境影响小和经济性好等优点。

随着发达国家相关研究的不断推进,国内相关研究院所、大学等也开展了大型浮式结构物相关机理、设计技术及应用技术的研究。中船重工702所专家在1989年至1991年间,应美国夏威夷大学邀请,参加了美国自然科学基金会资助的极大型浮体项目水弹性力学问题研究工作;上海交通大学在2001年获得国家自然科学基金重点项目的资助,开展了超大型箱式浮式结构物的线性水弹性问题研究。

2012年起,在科技部大力支持下,由中船重工牵头,相关船厂、研究院所、高校、船级社等组成“国家队”,致力于大型浮式结构物关键技术研究。该团队在瞄准国际先进水平的基础上,开展了大量基础性、机理性研究,在中型、大型及超大型海上浮式结构物复杂环境描述、基于非均匀波流作用下浮体水弹性力学的设计计算方法、极值载荷预报、多浮体协调系泊分析、结构物安全可靠性评估及腐蚀防护技术等方面,取得了卓有成效的应用技术成果,将为下一步该技术的工程化应用奠定理论和技术基础。

早在1924年,美国的EdwardRArmstrong就曾设想在大西洋中建造一个大型浮式平台,以便给来往于欧洲和美国之间的飞机补充燃料。其设想的结构包括小水线面的浮箱和支撑上部平台的立柱,以减小其在波浪上的运动,这些准则直到今天仍用于可移动式海洋钻井平台的设计。这以后,人们对大型海洋浮式结构物的构想越来越活跃,包括建设海上机场、海上发电厂、海上废物处理厂和海上军事基地等。

目前,对VLFS研究得最广泛和深入的是日本和美国。

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