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山西煤炭陷困局:有市政府贷款发公务员工资

2016-02-14 16:09:28   中国企业家杂志

事实上,在2006年2月,于幼军就提出过煤炭产量“零增长”,山西省政府出台《煤炭资源整合和有偿使用办法》,要求年产9万吨以下的煤矿出局,并整合20万至30万吨中型矿。

经过这一轮整合,山西省市以下煤矿数量由2005年整合前的4389座缩减至2626座,淘汰了所有年产能9万吨以下的煤矿。

郑龙乡便是2007年来到山西。她说,来山西投资煤矿的福清人多达十余万。但由于投资煤炭的门槛不断被提高,来自福清的商人不得不从老家的亲戚朋友处集资,并承诺高额回报,甚至不少人为买矿借高利贷。

此时,煤炭价格持续飙涨。行业数据统计,2001年至2008年7月,八年间煤炭价格涨幅达到585%。其中,煤价涨势主要集中在2006-2008年,煤价最高是在2008年,达到1100元/吨。

郑爽回忆,当年来矿上拉煤的卡车排成长队,来买煤的煤商车里都放着现金,“这样都未必能够买得到。”

“2008年3月-11月,那时候的煤炭价格是按小时算的,这一小时和下一小时的价格就不一样。那时候挣钱真的太容易了。”遥想起过往的疯狂,陈宜先对当下境况感到无奈。

“煤老板们真正挣钱是从2006年开始的。”郑爽说。

此后的几年时间里,煤炭行业的黄金时代达到最顶峰。在山西、陕西、内蒙、山东等地的煤老板,以及黑金产业链上的每一个人都赚得盆满钵满。此后,现金成栋买楼、豪车遍地等故事开始广为流传,“煤老板”仿佛一夜之间成为了财富的代名词。

国进民退

正当煤老板们沉浸在史无前例的疯狂中时,发生在山西的另一场特大事故间接拉开了山西煤炭行业的又一次整合。

2008年9月8日,山西省襄汾县新塔矿业公司尾矿库发生溃坝事故,下泄尾砂量约19万立方米,淹没面积约35.9公顷,共造成277人死亡、4人失踪、33人受伤,直接经济损失达9619.2万元。

这次事件直接导致省长孟学农引咎辞职,“溃坝事故并非煤矿,而是铁矿,但却间接导致了山西煤矿的再度整合。”上述熟悉山西煤炭圈的人士称。

2008年9月,王君从国家安监总局局长任上空降山西,接替孟学农任代省长。王君的职业生涯前半段在大同矿务局。在他看来,要解决矿难频发,就要进一步加快煤矿企业的重组,让国有矿企占主导地位。

当年秋天,以遏制矿难为由头,王君一声令下,“政府推进,国企主导,限期关闭,强行整合”,被业内称之为“国进民退”的山西煤改轰然启动。

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