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中国严重精神病患430万:入不了院、出不了院

2016-01-13 10:31:48   澎湃

最让刘玉宝感到焦虑的,是精神类护理人员的极度缺乏。医院现有临床医师19人,其中持有精神科医师证的仅有7人,“半路出家”的中医或西医8名,另外还有4名助理级别的。我国开设精神类护理专业的院校非常少,为数不多的毕业生中又有不少人因为社会压力而转行。余下从事精神科医疗的,也在工作中冒着风险:在该院,病区主任曾被病人打得鼻青脸肿,另一位管理人员在制止一位手持利器的病人时,左鬓角被划伤,缝了8针。

治不起、忌讳治

部分精神病患者治疗不力

一方面是医院没有能力接收更多的病人,另一方面,则是许多病人治不起、不愿治,而不治疗又会加重病情,陷入恶性循环,埋下隐患。

在邢台市精神病医院,患者住院每人每月费用在4500至4800元不等,县级以下精神专科医院每人每月3200至3500元不等。尽管新农合的报销比例为65%,但部分患者仍无法支付剩余费用。

刘玉宝说,住院病人有相当一部分来自农村贫困家庭,常出现“家属在给病人办理完住院手续后,还未交费,便不见了踪影”。目前,医院对30%左右的患者不得不在一定程度上减免费用,对自负盈亏的医院造成了很大压力。

根据精神卫生法,精神障碍的住院治疗实行自愿原则。许多精神病患者的家属不愿将患者送进医院。一位患者家属告诉记者,之所以不愿公开接受治疗,是担心“村里其他人知道后,影响孩子嫁娶”。

这些患者,有的接受“家庭看管”,甚至出现了“用铁链拴”“用铁门关”等情况;有的则任其到处游荡。

北京大学精神卫生研究所副所长唐宏宇指出,由于缺乏一套规范、连续的治疗和管理体系,相当一部分暴力型精神病人“散落民间”,已成为威胁社会公共安全的隐患。

政府管、社会帮

专家呼吁建立多维救助体系

对于精神病人伤人事件,事前预防更为重要。

河北邢台已建立起“市精神病医院(市精防机构)—县卫生局(县精防机构)—乡镇卫生院—村(居)卫生室”四级防治管理网络,对精神病人实施全面筛查和管理。同时在全市范围内对精神病人做随访评估,要求村医一年至少4次对已确诊的患者进行入户随访,并记录至健康档案,录入国家系统。对于出院患者,主管医师在其出院后15日进行首访,此后每一个月至两个月进行跟踪指导,并终身持续随访,以便发现“苗头”时能及时就医。

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