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中国严重精神病患430万:入不了院、出不了院

2016-01-13 10:31:48   澎湃

原标题:我国严重精神病患430万:入不了院、出不了院、回不了社会

精神病患者伤人的新闻不时见诸报端,让社会产生一些担忧。截至2014年底,全国登记在册的严重精神障碍患者达430万人。该如何治疗、看管好这一群体?精神病医院的医护人员数量、诊疗服务能力、资金费用压力如何?国家治疗管理康复体系发展到何种程度?记者前往河北省邢台市进行了调查。

缺资金、缺医师

精神病医院病床摆成“大通铺”

在邢台,通过重性精神疾病四级防治管理网络监控,截至2015年12月,全市已从210个乡镇(街道办事处)中筛查确诊严重精神障碍患者2.7万余人,并将信息录入了“国家严重精神障碍信息系统”。但目前整个邢台市乡镇级以上的精神类专科医院共有8家,床位只有450张左右。

邢台市精神病医院是邢台唯一一家精神专科二级医院,有职工73人,住院患者110余人。走进病区男性患者的病房,两排病床之间的过道非常狭窄,每排之中六七张单人床摆成了“大通铺”。据病区主任介绍,由于床位紧张,有时两张床上需要同时睡三个病人。

院长刘玉宝告诉记者,医院目前是自负盈亏,尽管是市医保和新农合的指定机构,但仍不时遭遇病人无力或不愿支付医疗费用的情况。说是事业单位,但近30年来没有任何财政资金拨付,医院一直“在艰难中求生存”。

《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》第六十二条规定,各级人民政府应当根据精神卫生工作需要,加大财政投入力度,保障精神卫生工作所需经费,将精神卫生工作经费列入本级财政预算。

在邢台市精神病医院出具的一份“事业单位法人证书”上,记者看到,该证书的有效期为2015年3月23日至2020年3月23日,“经费来源”为“差额补贴”,表明本级财政应该按比例向其划拨经费。邢台市精神病医院的前身为“邢台市桥东区精神病医院”,在更名之后目前仍归桥东区管理。记者今年1月11日联系了桥东区财政局,该局负责人告诉记者,此前并未向市精神病医院在办公经费、人员薪资等方面划拨经费,至于未划拨的具体原因,“由于自己刚到岗位不久,也不太清楚”。

此外,刘玉宝说,2009年,根据全国精神卫生防治体系的建设计划,由国家出资为每个地级市兴建一所规模型的精神病医院,每个市选择一个县建立一所县级精神病医院。按照当时的规划和预算,国家出资2900万元,本级财政配套1300万元,共4200万元。但从立项到跑完手续,已到了5年后,这时建筑和安装成本已涨至7800万元左右。因而,目前市级新精神病医院只能完成病房楼的修建,门诊楼和医技综合楼的建设则陷入资金紧缺。

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