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扶贫办党组书记:当前中国脱贫攻坚形势依然严峻

2016-01-11 08:11:10   中国新闻网

贫困人口规模大、贫困程度深依然是我国贫困问题的基本特征。目前,全国有14个集中连片特殊困难地区、592个国家扶贫开发工作重点县、12.8万个贫困村、近3000万个贫困户、7017万贫困人口。而且,现有贫困人口主要分布在集中连片特困地区,自然条件差,基础设施薄弱,公共服务水平较低,减贫边际效应不断下降,增收难度不断加大,贫困代际传递趋势明显,是难啃的“硬骨头”。

贫困地区贫困人口内生动力和发展能力弱的现象依然十分普遍。2014年,全国592个国家扶贫开发工作重点县农民人均纯收入6610元,比全国农民平均水平低3282元。老少边穷地区贫困问题集中,贫困人口普遍存在受教育程度低、健康水平低的“两低”情况,自我发展能力弱。建档立卡贫困村70.8%没有集体经济,内生发展动力严重不足。贫困人口致贫因素较多,因病致贫、因学致贫突出,缺资金、缺技术普遍,因病返贫、因灾返贫、因市场风险返贫常见。

贫困地区区域性贫困、发展基础差的状况还没有得到根本性改变。全国12.8万个建档立卡村中,6.9万个行政村不通客运班车。87.1万个自然村中,33万个不通沥青(水泥)路。贫困地区农田有效灌溉面积比全国平均水平低近20个百分点。建档立卡户中有652万户饮水困难,580万户饮水不安全。贫困地区公共服务水平偏低,市场主体发育不足,市场体系建设滞后,产业发展处于价值链低端。贫困县的存贷比普遍在40%左右,储蓄外流严重。

扶贫政策针对性不强、特惠支持不足问题依然存在。现有政策部分落实不到位、财政投入明显不足、行业支持缺少特惠、工作责任落得不实、社会动员支持体系薄弱等问题还没有得到很好解决。过去贫困面大,一项普惠政策就可以使许多贫困人口增加收入,越过温饱线。现在,贫困人口大多数自身能力弱,或者居住在不适宜人类生存的地方,仅靠自己很难参与发展进程、享受发展成果。

精准发力,坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战

习近平同志指出,“扶贫开发推进到今天这样的程度,贵在精准,重在精准,成败之举在于精准”;坚持精准扶贫、精准脱贫“关键是要找准路子、构建好的体制机制,在精准施策上出实招、在精准推进上下实功、在精准落地上见实效”。这为脱贫攻坚明确了方向、提出了要求。

在精准施策上出实招。全面建成小康社会关键在脱贫攻坚,脱贫攻坚的出路在于精准施策。要以创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享五大发展理念为指导,编制好“十三五”脱贫攻坚规划,着力完善综合性扶贫政策措施和健全脱贫攻坚保障体系的规划,把《中共中央国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》落实到规划中,确保精准施策、实招更实。一是建设国家扶贫开发大数据平台,在精准识别上摸实情,真正解决好“扶持谁”的问题,为精准扶贫、精准脱贫打好基础。精准识别既要体现静态的精准,把现在的贫困人口找出来;又要体现动态的精准,把脱贫的人口退出去,把返贫的人口纳入帮扶对象。二是建设省级扶贫开发投融资平台和县级扶贫开发资金项目整合管理平台,拓展扶贫投入渠道,切实增加扶贫投入。在县一级,把专项扶贫资金、相关涉农资金和社会帮扶资金捆绑集中使用,加强资金监管,切实提高资金使用效果。推动扶贫开发项目与行业重大项目、重大工程、重大政策试点安排相衔接,扶贫开发规划与贫困地区基础设施建设、新型城镇化、特色产业发展、新农村建设等规划相融合,把革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、集中连片贫困地区作为脱贫攻坚重点。三是建设乡村扶贫脱贫落实工作平台。在贫困乡建立扶贫工作站,在贫困村选派好第一书记、建设好驻村工作队,配合村两委落实帮扶措施和帮扶责任,保证贫困户有人帮、有人扶。进一步完善中央统筹、省(自治区、直辖市)负总责、市(地)县抓落实的工作机制。强化脱贫工作责任考核,对贫困县重点考核脱贫成效。四是建设社会扶贫对接平台,以社会扶贫网为载体,实现贫困村贫困户帮扶需求和社会扶贫资源有效对接。

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