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金砖合作再续金色十年

2017-08-30 10:13:33   中国经济时报

2015年李克强总理访问巴西,签署涉及横跨巴西、秘鲁,连接大西洋和太平洋的两洋铁路可行性研究合作文件,就启动可行性研究作安排。今年4月,来自中国的施工企业代表在“两洋铁路”基础设施服务委员会(IC)上表示,“两洋铁路”的修建方案从技术上是可行的。

与非洲相同,对于印度这样一个“软实力强硬件基础差”的国家来说,基础设施建设也是永恒的话题。2015年李克强总理访问印度,印度总理莫迪提到,印方重视南亚地区互联互通建设,这将促进本地区的发展繁荣。印方愿加强同中方在这一领域的合作。并与李克强总理共同见证铁路、矿业、教育、航天等领域的24个合作文件的签署。

为了解决成员国基础设施建设资金短缺的问题,2015年7月份金砖国家新开发银行挂牌成立。行长卡马特介绍说,新开发银行开业两年以来,取得了成绩。2016年,新开发银行在基础设施、可持续发展领域的7个项目发放了15亿美元贷款。今年,该行将为超过10个项目提供25亿美元至30亿美元的贷款。该行还计划到2018年完成为35个项目提供80亿美元贷款的目标。

高盛投资公司(GoldmanSachs)全球首席经济学家吉姆-奥尼尔(JimO’Neil)断言:“大规模基础设施建设是推动金砖国家经济高速增长的重要动力之一,也是其实现经济腾飞的重要物质保障。”

可持续发展是标准

自金砖国家合作以来,可持续发展是基础设施建设的一个重要标准。金砖国家新开发银行精选基建项目也主要着眼于绿色项目。

据了解,2016年金砖国家新开发银行一共批准了7个贷款项目,第一批基础设施的四个项目都是绿色能源,反映了在理念上希望帮助成员国实现可持续发展的努力。“我们希望在绿色能源方面,做一些商业银行觉得风险大、不愿意做的项目,并提供支持和推广。有了我们的背书,商业银行向这些项目发放贷款的信心会更高一些。”金砖国家新开发银行副行长祝宪表示。

7个项目中有两个是中国的绿色清洁能源项目,上海临港弘博新能源发展有限公司的太阳能屋顶发电项目和福建莆田平海湾风电项目。中国的“十二五”规划中,清洁能源不但作为一个战略产业,也是限制碳排放和空气污染的一种手段。其他金砖国家也都在寻求一种清洁能源组合型的解决方案,其中包括太阳能、水电和核电。

巴西是世界上发展替代能源,采用酒精为汽车燃料最有经验的国家之一。在发展太阳能、风能等方面,巴西政府相继出台了一系列扶持政策,有望成为光伏产品发展最快的世界市场之一。

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