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我痛得快要死了,谁能帮帮我?

2017-09-07 14:10:41   瞭望智库

一个偶然的机会,美国芝加哥西北大学芬堡医学院麻醉科的胡灵群医生很吃惊地知道了那个1%,当时在美国,官方发布的分娩镇痛率是61%。

经过两年的筹备,2008年,中国举办奥运会的同年,由胡灵群带队的「无痛分娩中国行」团队来到了中国,他们期望通过对医护人员和产妇的教育来提高中国无痛分娩的使用率。

在10年内能让中国顺产产妇中无痛分娩的使用率达到10%,并使得生产过程中并发症率和死亡率的降低,以及剖宫产率的下降。

4,无痛分娩不可避免的引出安全性和效果之争

2008年的无痛分娩中国行团队中,随队的翻译,北卡罗来纳大学的彭萌萌记录道:「我和一位医生在值班时遇到了一例产妇婉言拒绝了分娩镇痛。追问原因时,那位产妇说,没听说过,不知道什么东西,我(的产程)也差不多了。」

「在这里很多产妇,甚至医护人员都不知道无痛分娩对母婴的好处,好像谈的多是负面的东西。」彭萌萌在笔记中写道。

尽管已经有了很多循证医学证据支持无痛分娩的安全性,为了避免所谓的「不良影响」,在剧烈的产痛下,大量的国人选择了剖宫产。

中国产妇于家属对无痛分娩最大的担忧在于它的安全性,会不会对胎儿有什么影响?

复旦大学附属妇产科医院(上海市红房子妇产科医院,下称「红房子医院」)麻醉科主任黄绍强表示:「现在的硬膜外麻醉所用的浓度只有手术麻醉时浓度的1/5~1/10,到达胎儿的剂量微乎其微,其作用可以忽略不计。」

在由哈佛大学医学院布列根妇女医院的产科主任编写的一本小册子中提到,硬膜外间隙注入药物,不是直接进入血液循环,进入胎儿体内的药物是极其微量的。

「生孩子过程中使用的口服、肌注、静脉等其他途径给的药物的一部分是要通过胎盘进入胎儿体内的,硬膜外给药最大的不同是胎儿接触镇痛药物的微量性,这已经是众所周知的了」。

在那间产房,大部分麻醉医生都是男性——劳动强度太大。

黄绍强向我讲起一些麻醉的细节,「产程的早期只需要一些小剂量的低浓度的就够了,越到产程后面,宫缩越来越强,频率也越来越频繁,这时我们通常采取的是增加剂量,但有时剂量增加也不一定够,这个时候需要的其实是稍微把那个浓度调高」。然而因为人力的原因,这一点很难达到。

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