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产妇"下跪"还是"下蹲",责任完全不同

2017-09-06 14:02:39   新京报

就在榆林产妇跳楼事件陷入“罗生门”后,今日凌晨1时许和上午,榆林市第一医院和患者分别再度开腔。

该院在微博上发声明,说明了基本情况、善后过程和事件主要争议点释疑,公布了记载产程中家属三次拒绝剖宫产记录的《护理记录单》、产妇方《授权书》等照片,产妇在见家属时两度跪倒在地的监控视频。针对“为何必须家属签字”,院方回应称,当事产妇签署了《授权书》,授权其丈夫全权负责签署一切相关文书,在她本人未撤回授权且未出现危及生命的紧急情况(跳楼前产程记录产妇血压、胎心正常)时,未获得被授权人同意,医院无权改变生产方式。

而今天上午,产妇家属又对此做出回应:监控中不是下跪,而是产妇疼痛时的下蹲动作;并称没有出于省钱或风俗而执意让产妇顺产的考虑。

有句话说,“口是风,笔是踪”;还有句话说,“证据告诉我们该把怀疑集中到哪一点。”还原真相的关键的确就在于物证和证人证言。

连在这起产妇跳楼事件后面的,是一起医患纠纷事件。在双方声明“打架”的第一回合,二者更多的是口水仗,在家属拒绝剖宫产次数和期间对产妇剖宫产的态度上,两方所述“事实”出入很大。双方争执的第二回合中,医院方面拿出了不少证据,比如《护理记录单》和《授权书》,而产妇两次跪地的监控时间刚好跟家属说的同意剖腹产时点吻合。

证据意味着更强的说服力,因为证据本身能说话。但有些证据也是“意味含糊”的,有巨大的阐释空间。比如“产妇跪地”,跪地原因究竟是什么,是院方说的为了请求家属同意剖宫产诉求而下跪,还是家属方说得“因为疼痛难忍而跪地”?这会导向迥异的结论,也需要通过目击者证词等去厘清。

目前看,有些疑点仍难消弭:为什么产妇痛得那么厉害也未撤回授权?为何产妇喊疼想剖宫产,涉事院方是否只能按照所谓能“全权负责”的丈夫而非产妇的意愿来?……

兼听则明,也希望双方都能用充分而确切的证据去交锋,将争论导入“以证据对证据”的理性对话轨道,为公众提供“兼听”机会,而不是利用某些话术打舆论战。更重要的,是有关部门介入调查后,也用客观而缜密的调查取证,还原真相,为这场已让吃瓜群众看晕了头的口水仗定纷止争。

不得不说,在资讯发达、众声喧哗动辄导致“真相”扑朔迷离、新闻反转的情况下,舆论保持是非评判上的克制、多看证据而不是只看“谁嗓门大”,尤为重要。有人说,我们现在正处在后真相时代,信息繁密,但我们的感官没扩大感觉的范围,只能更加依赖自媒体和各类资讯观察这个世界,所以很多人是“信其所信”,哪怕信的未必是真相。医患纠纷在此信息环境下,也更容易在涉事各方的各执一词和群体撕裂、立场站队中被导向激化。

但幸亏制度的渐次完备、技术的日益发达,方便了取证。虽然有些证据会被拿来做误导性阐释、自利性包装,有些证据支撑的也只是局部真相,但证据多不是坏事,证据的叠合会形成交叉印证,无影灯效应下的信息交互,也能让真相在信息相互补充与证伪中更完整地浮现。像产妇跪地视频,就可以跟目击者证词和其他证据证言“连起来看”。

本质上,越是在医患纠纷高发期,越是这类真相难辨的纠纷,越需要用证据说话——此处的“证据”,不是依照某种利益意图剪辑过的二次制作景象,而是未被“污染”的原始凭证。

面对包括这起产妇跳楼纠纷在内的医患矛盾,我们都应秉持着“主要看过硬证据链”的基本理性,避免结论先于能自洽的靠谱证据而行。

□仲鸣(媒体人)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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