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全球化危机解药不在西方,而来自中国

2017-09-05 08:49:37   侠客岛

第五,我们也面临着对人类生存构成巨大威胁的气候变迁与地球生态危机。我们经常听到一些令人担忧的预测,海平面的上升,多少海里地区被淹没,几亿人的生存受到威胁,水的供应变成未来一个社会里或者国家与国家之间冲突的导火线,这些都是与气候变迁有关;

第六,全球范围的文明与宗教冲突。

尽管我列举了这么多裂解的危机,但我初步的结论是,风险在上升,但整体可控。我认为,全球社会,现有的体系内的融合力量,各种不同的机制对裂解力量仍构成强大的约束,虽然裂解的力量那种隐忧、地雷效应无所不在,但除非出现非常意外的情况,否则它不应该造成现有全球秩序,尤其是经济全球化很瞬间的崩解。

那么,什么才是真正的、立即存在的威胁?

是在今天新自由经济秩序下,导致欧洲和美国内部社会矛盾的积累已经到了沸腾的状态。这带来的危险是非常明确的。以至于哈佛大学Joseph Nye(“软实力”的提出者)很担心,70年代美国和西方所主导的自由国际秩序可能会面对无以为继、无法持续的危险,尤其是因为特朗普的当选。

特朗普反映了美国、欧洲社会更深层次的矛盾。1980年代后期所谓新自由主义带来的经济秩序的重组,的确在这些社会里造成的严重贫富差距和全球范围财富和生产活动的大挪移。

这是很鲜明的统计图表。1988年—2008年全球化发展高峰时期,把全世界六十几亿人排在一个表上,从最低的前1%和收入最高的前1%,这些不同群体在这些年里,扣除通货膨胀之后的收入所得到底出现的变化。可以看的很清楚,这20年里,有一群人完全没有分享到这个时期的全球化或者求增长的果实;在70%-85%最惨,因为他们20年里收入所得的增加连10%都不到。这些人大部分在欧洲、美国、日本,还有部分在台湾,薪资原地踏步。

而过去收入在最低的25%,一直到前60%这群人增加非常客观,有些甚至倍增。这些多半是在中国大陆,有一部分,在其他新兴市场国家。在美国,还有一群人,收入最高的前1%的那群人,他们的财富和收入也是倍增。他们是全球化带来的戏剧化的所得和财富再分配。

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