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面对中国高铁的告诉发展,阴谋论者到底在想些什么?

2017-08-28 13:57:17   瞭望智库

中亚高铁横穿资源丰富地区,走向与“丝绸之路经济带”构想不谋而合,这对拓展中国与欧洲和非洲内陆国家的经贸合作,加快丝绸之路经济带物流黄金干线的形成,通过“地缘经济”推动“地缘政治”作用重大。建设中的“中巴铁路”,从喀什到瓜达尔港,贯穿巴基斯坦南北,连接中国西部。由于喀什是中国内陆与中亚、中东、欧洲、非洲的交通要道,瓜达尔港则处于波斯湾的咽喉附近,紧扼从非洲、欧洲经红海、霍尔木兹海峡、波斯湾通往东亚、太平洋(601099,股吧)地区数条海上重要航线的咽喉,因此“中巴铁路”不仅支撑“中巴经济走廊”,还将大大改变世界地缘政治版图。

泛亚高铁的修建,有助于推动亚太地区政治稳定,还有利于中国向南打通出海口,形成向印度洋开放的新格局,进而强化中国在东非乃至在整个欧亚非大陆的国际地缘政治地位。泰国“大米换高铁”曾一度悬置,如今又开始出现转机。“一带一路”上最大国家之一印度尼西亚的雅万高铁,虽然几经周折最终还是花落中国。

在新的国际政治格局中,我们应建立一种新的思维,从非此即彼到彼此融合,既要在“丝绸之路经济带”的“一带”上全力争取“陆权”,又要在“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的“一路”上积极角逐“海权”,实现“一带”与“一路”有效对接,路权与海权深度整合。

正在实施中的中巴铁路,不仅能打通中国到达南亚,进而经中东直达欧洲腹地的陆路通道,又可取得进入印度洋的出海口,中东能源可以在瓜达尔港上中巴铁路直接运达中国新疆,从而让中国如鲠在喉的“马六甲海峡困局”从根本上得以缓解。可以说,中巴铁路有着“一带”与“一路”融合、“路权”与“海权”衔接的典型样本意义。

2经济张力:需求与有效需求、小账与大账

据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)预测,到2030年全球基础设施建设规模将以年均4.9%的速度增长,到2020年全球基础设施建设规模将达到12.7万亿美元,2030年将达到55万亿美元,相当于每年全球GDP的2.5%。

综合全球各国铁路网规划,未来15—20年(2040年前)世界铁路需求在12—15万公里左右,其中高速铁路建设市场发展迅速,高铁需求在1.5—3万公里左右(不含中国),投资额预计在0.6—1万亿美元之间。就市场发育情况而言,短期内亚洲高铁发展迅速,长期欧洲规模将接近亚洲。以上统计数据表明,海外高铁潜在市场较大,中国高铁“走出去”仍有广阔的发展空间。

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