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专家:有的国家抄袭中国高铁 给中企造成巨大损失

2017-08-16 14:17:00   检察日报

以此观察整个高铁核心技术研发,就会发现缺乏系统的知识产权保护规划,对新技术、新成果的保护并不严密,以至于让国外对手抢占了先机。另一方面,是我们是否在新技术、新成果面世前及时作出准备,以抢占潜在市场国甚至竞争国的专利高地。高铁项目在我国近年来的发展规划中占据了极其重要的位置,这是我国实现中国品牌“走出去”的一张大牌。

因此,在我们通过消化日、法、德的高铁技术后开始大规模再创新的时候,在高铁在全国如火如荼建设的时候,高铁项目的决策者应该明确高铁“走出去”的大体方向。如果在当时能够深入研究各国的专利法规以及同类技术的专利申请状况,我们就能抓住机遇见缝插针,把我们的关键技术钉入各国的专利市场当中,则当下高铁核心技术的知识产权保护工作就会容易得多。

提高高铁知识产权保护水平

眼下,高铁已经迈出国门,各类有关知识产权保护的问题已经触发,当务之急是相关部门及时对高铁技术提供保护支持。

首先,采取综合手段应对先发国家的技术壁垒以及后发国家的技术盗取与复制。对于先发国家的技术壁垒,我们要加强高铁核心技术的知识产权保护,主要是提高技术人员对商业秘密的法律保护意识。实际上,对我国高铁技术未来发展造成更为严重后果的,是后发国家的技术盗取。因此,必须针对后发国家的威胁给出相应的对策。面对后发国家的技术窥探与盗取,发达国家常用的做法是在技术面世之时,便同时在本国、重要市场国家以及潜在市场国家申请专利,抢占专利高地。

这一点我们完全可以借鉴。因而,我国高铁技术急需一个成熟的核心技术知识产权保护机制,一套完整的专利保护操作流程。关键技术问世前必须制定完整的专利申请战略,保证抢在盗窃者之前完成关键国家关键市场的专利申请。面对后发国家的技术复制与抄袭,则须据理力争,有针对性地提起专利侵权诉讼,坚决打击这种抄袭现象,并通过官方与舆论联动,在国际上形成压力,迫使侵权方尽快结束权利侵害,赔偿损失;同时,对于此类现象,要在国际上形成“人人喊打”的局面,发现一起起诉一起,绝不姑息。

其次,加强国内相关立法与相关制度的支持,提高专利审查质量和专利审判能力。我们要借鉴发达国家的经验,在审查过程中掌握较为严格的专利授权标准,尽可能地使授予的专利权稳定、有效。继续推进知识产权法院制度,设立知识产权法院,实行知识产权侵权和确权案件的合案审理。

最后,鼓励企业在海外通过各种途径维护自身技术的知识产权。聘请当地的律师团队,用更熟悉本地规则的律师来准备诉讼,可以省去很多不必要的麻烦。此外,可以选择与当地企业展开更密切的合作,组成战略联盟,发生知识产权冲突,由当地合作方出面保护知识产权,同样可以减少很多法外阻力以及不可控因素。

在当地投资建厂,注册品牌也是一种减少法外阻力及不可控因素的方法之一,通过在当地投资建厂,雇佣当地员工,利用当地管理团队的影响力,可以更好地维护我们的知识产权。政府可以倡导海外企业组成知识产权保护联盟,在知识产权的保护问题上互相扶持,分享经验,共同应对挑战。政府也应该积极鼓励推动各个高铁企业加紧建立海外维权机制,并加强与外国政府的合作。目前,商务部成立“企业知识产权海外维权援助中心”,这有利于相关高铁企业了解国外的知识产权法律制度。

(作者高孝义孙大伟)

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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