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中美在东盟角力中,美国为何会落败?

2017-08-11 15:14:22   参考消息网

文章称,然而,外交问题只能在平等的基础上才能加以解决。如此一来,亚洲的紧张冲突策源地将继续存在,倘若这也算得上是美国的战果的话。然而,美国并未获得来自东盟国家的令人振奋的支持,没有一个国家这样做。

《华盛顿邮报》在文末写道,东盟会议也提及了地区的其他问题。通常,当美国人顾左右而言他时,这意味着其意图远未达成。

神奇的东盟

文章称,事实上的确如此。因为报纸所隐晦提到的,并不是所谓的“其他问题”,而是头号问题。在马尼拉,围绕岛屿、浅滩和南海水域的整个问题朝着解决的方向推进了一步。既然如此,那么北京显然是赢家,当然,其东南亚邻国也是。

中国与东盟达成了防止南海纠纷的“南海行为准则”框架,这将成为各方未来协商“南海行为准则”的遵循依据。这一准则与解决领土争端无关,涉及与中国在南海岛屿主权争议的至少有4个东盟国家。其实,此类争端几乎是永远无解的。准则正是对各方在争端尚未解决时的行为加以约束,即不能大打出手,要彼此合作。

在马尼拉,各方只是商定将于秋天就行为准则的具体内容展开谈判。但这绝对算得上是向前迈出的重大一步。众所周知,“行为准则”的想法早在15年前便开始酝酿。而后,美国开始介入,挑唆地区各国与华冲突。中国加以严正回应。在此情况下,中国的邻国开始陷入沉思:或许,通过外交手段加以解决才是上策?它们因而重返外交轨道。

文章称,反观美国,跟过去一样,除了在冲突时给予笼统的支持(并非直接参与),它无法向东盟国家提供什么。然而,中国在此期间已跃升为东盟的第二大经济伙伴,排名第一的也不是美国,而是东盟内部的贸易。马尼拉当然是中国外交的胜利,这与东盟机制的特殊之处不无关系,即一国可以阻挠其他9国的决定获得通过。

过去,美国在南海制裁紧张局势的政策有3大主要执行者,即菲律宾、新加坡和越南。然而,杜特尔特出任总统后,马尼拉的立场发生了急剧变化,而且此次还将自己作为会议轮值主席国而具备的优势发挥得淋漓尽致;新加坡在目睹所发生的一切后,立场同样软化,对中方的观点也表现理解;越南则继续孤军作战。这与一两年前的情景可谓天壤之别。

9日,东盟迎来成立50周年庆典。它的外交机制用新加坡职业外交官马凯硕的新书书名加以评价可谓恰如其分——即“东盟奇迹”。马凯硕认为,东盟已成为全球进步的催化剂,在欧盟失利的映衬之下,东盟的成就堪称奇迹。

文章称,欧盟在大事和小事上皆以追求纪律严明而著称。在东盟,则更推崇自由。最终,亚洲社会的一体化进展虽然缓慢,但如今并未遭遇信任危机、也没有被逼迫推行于己不利的外交政策,成员国的利益没有产生其他分歧。尽管可能有某个国家会抵制其他所有国家的决议,但这些决议通常不会影响各国的共同发展。

以上便是人们在马尼拉所目睹的一切。不妨设想一下,当外部势力将自己“孤立某国的政策”或是永远保留冲突策源地的战术强加于布鲁塞尔时,它会如何行事?它会就范。(编译/童师群)

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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