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内蒙古:沙子现在变得值钱了

2017-08-07 12:23:25   新华网

今年,是孟克达来告别畜牧、远离沙漠恶劣生态环境的第11个年头。相对于传统畜牧,他们还有更重要的生计。

为了改善生态环境,提高牧民生产生活水平,2006年,在当地政府和亿利资源集团的共同建设下,占地面积500亩,配备有水、电、路、讯等基础设施的牧民新村拔地而起。36户曾分散在生态环境脆弱、生产资料匮乏、生活条件恶劣的库布齐沙漠腹地道图嘎查中的156名牧民“生态移民”,聚居于此。

通过培训,他们学会了转租沙漠荒地、入股企业。他们一边参与沙漠生态太阳能光伏光热治沙发电项目建设,一边在光伏区周边宽500米的防风阻沙林带中参与沙漠经济作物种植、光伏板清洁等工作。

搬入牧民新村后,杭锦旗吉日格朗图镇葛根召嘎查的蒙古族老党支书道格陶的身份也越来越多了:把闲置沙地转租给企业,参与沙漠治理,既是股东、又是生态工人;在企业赠建的大棚中种菜,在棚圈中饲养牲畜,他既是菜农、又是养殖者;有时候,他还会去七星湖旅游景区为游客牵马、拉骆驼,成为景区临时工。

“我的每一笔收入,都是绿色纯天然的。”在参与围绕荒漠发展的多种产业中,道格陶觉得自己已然化身成生态建设者。在新村里,像他这样“身兼数职”的牧民还有很多。

十年来,牧民新村从户均收入不足1万元,成长为户均收入12万元的小康村,1303户农牧民发展起家庭旅馆、餐饮、民族手工业、沙漠越野等服务业。这片曾经的沙海上,更跑起了一辆辆小汽车。依靠“大漠人家”餐饮的牧家乐和参与企业的治沙工程,孟克达来一家去年的收入就翻了20多倍。

不仅如此,近年来,鄂尔多斯还通过工程建设与生物措施相结合的方式,乔灌草结合、封飞造并行,不断加大沙化土地治理力度,同时,按照“政府引导,国家和地方重点工程带动,全社会参与”的机制,鼓励、引导企业、农牧民通过承包、入股、租赁以及投工投劳等方式参与防沙治沙,全市5000亩规模以上的造林大户达200多户,参与治沙造林的企业达20多家。

来自鄂尔多斯市林业部门的统计显示,截至2016年年底,全市荒漠化土地面积年均减少58万亩,植被覆盖度从1988年的5%上升到2016年的53%,这个过去沙尘暴一年能光顾50多次的地方在去年仅来袭一次,生态环境也明显转好。

“沙子现在变得值钱了,不像以前,沙漠谁都不管。”孟克达来感慨道。政府牵头盖新村,企业带领搞旅游,在他的眼中,那个曾“让牧民想尽一切办法出去打工”的土地,正吸引着越来越多的游客前来游玩。而这里的牧民,正走上一条治沙淘金的生态小康路。

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