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草原的歌声生了根(守望相助七十载 壮美亮丽内蒙古)

2017-08-07 07:35:14   中国经济网

一声蒙古长调响起,悠扬而空灵,高潮部分,男女声合唱,如天籁之音,让听者仿佛置身广阔无垠的草原上。这用人声代替乐器伴唱而形成的美妙和声,就是蒙古族独有的多声部演唱方式“潮尔道”。

在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟锡林浩特市,年逾古稀的“潮尔道”国家级非物质文化遗产传承人芒来,正在乌兰牧骑排练中心教授学员。“‘潮尔道’是由两人或多人多声部合唱才能产生的悠扬旋律,其高声部就是著名的蒙古长调,低声部则是一种被称为‘潮尔’的中低音伴唱形式。‘潮尔’以喉音演唱伴奏,蒙古语是‘和声、回响’的意思。”芒来告诉记者。

自小就学唱“潮尔道”的芒来,见证了这项蒙古族传统技艺几十年来的兴衰。“几十年前,基本每一个苏木(乡镇)都有几十名能演唱‘潮尔道’的歌手。可是十年前,能够演唱‘潮尔道’的民间歌手所剩无几,有的苏木甚至一个都没有。”老人止不住地摇头叹气。

让老人欣慰的是,近年来内蒙古加强对非物质文化遗产保护与传承,完善“非遗”传承场所、协会及传习所建设,培养传承人才。芒来很高兴自己有了这样一个教授场所,目前亲授学员达100多人,其中不乏自治区级、盟市级的非物质文化遗产传承人。“现在国家越来越重视民族传统艺术,相信会有越来越多的人学习传承这项技艺。”

“非遗”进校园,多了无数小小传承人。在锡林浩特市蒙古族小学,12岁的苏日娜正在练习传统乐器火不思。“我喜欢火不思,从小学二年级一直坚持到现在,希望能一直弹下去。”这个外形颇像琵琶、相传自成吉思汗时期流传下来的乐器,在她手中弹奏出美妙的旋律。

“只有让孩子们感兴趣,才能更好地传承。”校长斯琴巴特尔介绍,从2010年开始,学校开设了马头琴、蒙古古筝、安代舞、长调、搏克、射箭等20多个具有民族特色的兴趣班,供孩子们自由选择。

在一群“不安分”的年轻人那里,传统文化正焕发新的生机。锡林浩特新丝路电子商务产业园孵化园区内,由6个“90后”设计的现代感十足的蒙古族皮画和皮雕,吸引了参观者的目光。这支团队把传统技艺与现代工艺相结合,设计出既有民族风情又很时尚现代的皮雕、皮画和皮包等,线上线下同时销售。

“传统文化不但要保持好、发扬好,更要与现代结合好,才能吸引更多年轻人,把蒙古族优秀文化传承下去、传播出去。”团队负责人额日和满怀信心地说。

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