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专家:“一带一路”将促进全球发展成果共享
2017-05-05 15:02:00 中国经济网
然而,广大发展中国家在实际发展过程中,却并未能够实现这一过程。大量发展中国家虽然进入了国际市场,但长期处于价值链低端,主要出口自然资源和初级产品,无法实现农业劳动力向工业部门的转化。笔者曾做过统计分析,几乎所有非洲国家在进入21世纪后至今,其农业人口比例并未显著下降,几乎都占全国人口的一半以上,有的国家甚至高达80%以上。还有部分发展中国家虽然部分实现了工业化,但由于交通、电力等基础设施存在瓶颈,无法进一步提高制造业部门吸纳剩余劳动力的空间,也无法实现让更多民众提升生活水平。
中国通过同步开展国际贸易、工业化进程和基础设施建设,在将发展成果惠及民众方面探索出了新的模式。除了制造业(可贸易部门)之外,建筑业(非贸易部门)也成为吸纳剩余劳动力的重要部门,同时中国还鼓励服务业加快发展。总体而言,中国的城乡居民在强化劳动密集型产业、建筑业和服务业等非贸易部门加快发展的过程中实现了收入增长和生活水平提升,同时中国政府还通过再分配政策提高了经济发展的分享程度。
因此,“一带一路”在促进发展成果广泛共享方面将为沿线国家提供新的模式和动力。一是通过与沿线国家开展产业对接和产能合作,帮助其启动工业化进程,从而促进其农业人口向制造业部门流动;二是促进沿线国家形成开放格局,共同扩大国际市场,从而扩大其制造业等可贸易部门规模;三是推动基础设施建设合作,吸引其剩余劳动力向建筑业流动,进而提高非贸易部门就业水平;四是提供再分配政策、基本公共服务供给等方面的经验,帮助沿线国家政府实施更加惠及民众的发展和分配措施。
责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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