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美国主动谋划未来中美关系 中国怎么看?

2017-08-09 14:27:46   海外网

摘要:美国主动提出要谋划未来50年的中美关系,这与一向从战略高度和长远视角看待中美关系的中国外交智慧不谋而合。

近日,中美两国外长在东亚合作系列外长会议期间举行会晤,美国国务卿蒂勒森再次表示要认真思考如何定义未来50年美中关系,要充分利用两国元首会晤和四个对话机制,推动两国关系顺利发展。

当地时间2017年8月6日,菲律宾马尼拉,中国外交部长王毅在出席东亚合作系列外长会期间会见美国国务卿蒂勒森。

对于当前内外交困的特朗普政府而言,其大国外交的形势并不妙。特朗普上台后,美俄关系不仅没有明显转圜,反而因为“通俄门”等事件持续发酵而有所恶化,两国关系已被美国国内政治深度绑架。美欧关系因联盟分担分歧而间隙增大,退出巴黎气候协定更是折射了美欧的渐行渐远。在亚太地区,美日关系也因为特朗普政府的自私自利而摩擦不断。在这样的背景下,中美关系的稳定发展成为了特朗普政府大国关系的一抹亮点。中美关系并未如此前有外媒所预料的那样遭遇疾风暴雨,而是实现了逐渐平稳过渡。特别是,美国主动提出要谋划未来50年的中美关系,这与一向从战略高度和长远视角看待中美关系的中国外交智慧不谋而合。

不过,要为未来50年的中美关系谋篇布局并不容易,中美之间面临着大量的双边、地区和全球性问题,竞争与合作并存是中美关系的新常态,发展中美关系需要两国携手合作、鼓足干劲、只争朝夕。

中美关系的发展离不开两国对彼此核心利益和重大关切的相互尊重。在台湾问题上,尽管美国表示尊重一个中国的原则,但实际上却不断实施对台军售,不利于台湾问题的和平解决。在南海问题上,美国的介入和对其他南海争端方的支持,加剧了南海地区局势的复杂化。对于中美关系的长远发展而言,这些问题的久拖不决显然是负面因素,需要两国增进互信,共同解决。对于中美关系的长远发展而言,对彼此核心利益的尊重是底线,也是两国关系开展的基础,更是两国战略互信的检验。

中美关系的发展离不开两国对亚太地区热点问题的共同应对。亚太地区是中美两国利益交织最密切、互动最为频繁的地区,也被视为中美新型大国关系的试验田。可以说,中美两国能否在亚太地区实现和平共处,是两国关系能否持续稳定发展的重要保证。在亚太地区的诸多热点问题当中,中美两国在朝核问题的沟通颇为频繁。美国一向认为中国作为朝鲜的最大援助国、最大贸易伙伴,能够施加最大的影响来限制朝鲜的核导行为。不过中美两国对朝政策的立场和诉求存在很大的差异。中国基于朝鲜半岛无核化、半岛稳定和维护中国安全利益的三原则,提出了解决朝核问题的双轨思路。美国解决朝核问题的政策则一向被认为动机不纯。如果美国政府能够贯彻蒂勒森近期重申的对朝鲜政策“四个不”(即不寻求朝鲜政权更替、不寻求朝鲜政权跨台、不寻求加速半岛统一进程、不寻求进军三八线以北的借口),中美两国在朝核问题上的共识会有所增加,合作可能会有更大的进展。除此之外,亚太地区的还存在其他热点问题,需要中美两国共同应对,中美两国还需谨防第三方因素对中美关系的损害,特别是美国因为联盟牵连可能引发的摩擦。

中美关系的发展也离不开两国在全球治理中的携手合作。中美关系的发展早已超出双边范畴,日益具有全球影响和战略意义。同为联合国常任理事国,中美两国肩负着共担全球治理的责任。当今世界,各种全球性问题不断增多,全球治理的需求也日益强烈,如何提升全球治理的有效性,需要一定的中坚领导力量,以免全球治理陷入群龙无首的一盘散沙境地。中美两国能否在全球治理中携手合作,将成为国际合作的风向标和主心骨。对于中美在全球治理中的合作,一定要避免国际主导权的零和竞争认知,形成共享性主导的认知共识,推动两国在全球治理中的合作更加广泛与深入。

展望未来五十年的中美关系发展,需要对过去四十多年中美关系发展的宝贵经验进行总结,即坚持一个中国政策和中美三个联合公报。与此同时,未来前行道路上的困难也再所难免,需要两国关系增战略互信、战略定力,竭尽全力解决中美关系中面临的诸多困难,力推中美关系的良性发展。

(凌胜利,外交学院国际安全研究中心秘书长,海外网专栏作者)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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