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申请美国绿卡要积分?

2017-08-04 15:12:38   中国青年网

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普2日在白宫为两名参议员提出的一项移民改革法案背书。这一法案主张限制接收移民和难民人数,效仿加拿大和澳大利亚采取积分制,优先接纳高素质申请者成为美国永久居民。特朗普说,法案如果形成法律,将会是美国50年来移民体系最重要的改革。一些学者、议员质疑,法案将伤害美国经济且违背美国社会的基本价值观。

《改革美国移民政策以促进经济法案》由共和党联邦参议员汤姆·科顿和戴维·珀杜共同起草。法案提出,设立向高素质人才倾斜的积分制度,以取代现行的永久居留权申请程序。

2015年,美国共发放约100万张绿卡。根据法案内容设计的模型预测,通过控制美国公民的亲属移民等措施,未来10年内美国新移民人数将减半,即每年新移民人数降至50万左右。法案对美国公民的非直系亲属和成年家庭成员移民作出进一步限制,但美国公民的配偶和未成年子女移民仍会受到优待。此外,法案提出,每年接收难民不超过5万人。

2日,在白宫举行的一场活动上,特朗普批评现行移民政策“过时”,导致大批低收入者移民美国,影响就业,拉低工资水平。他大力称赞这项法案:“能说英语、有一技之长、能养活自己和家庭的人,在这一申请程序中更有竞争力,他们将对我们的经济作出贡献。”

认为当前移民人数过多的社会团体长期在华盛顿游说,呼吁收紧现行移民政策。名为“数字美国”的反移民组织总裁罗伊·贝克称赞新法案“将比其他任何行动都更能实现特朗普竞选期间的承诺”。但路透社分析认为,这项法案在国会获得通过有难度。

美联社在报道中质疑这项法案基础的合理性,指出移民给美国经济注入活力,且近些年的移民素质并不低。白宫援引美国哈佛大学一项研究结论,试图证明低收入移民将拉低美国当地人的收入水平。这项研究结果显示,1980年数千名古巴难民涌入迈阿密,导致当地低技能工人的工资下降。这一结论受到争议,许多经济学家认为其研究方法有问题。 据新华社

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