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日本派准航母巡航南海并非根本目的 背后有这3个企图

2018-07-10 15:38:48   海外网 

安倍 特朗普

资料图:美国总统川普与日本首相安倍晋三会晤。

原标题:日本版“印太战略”的双向战略目标

近日,据外媒报道,日本将在2018年9月派遣大型“直升机航母”巡航南海和印度洋等区域,时间跨度为两个月。对此,日本有官员轻描淡写地回应称,该行动象征日本为推动“自由、开放的印度太平洋地区”战略做出积极努力。

实际上,派遣“准航母”巡航南海及印度洋区域并不是日本的根本目的,而只是其实现“印太战略”的手段之一。那日本究竟为何要推动所谓“印太战略”呢?其战略意图又指向何方呢?

第一,以切实的军事行动回应美国的战略需求。尽管首相安倍晋三及其领导的日本政府对构建“印太战略”极为积极,并在不同场合极力宣传、解释日本的战略设想,但就现实环境来看,实施与推进“印太战略”设想的过程中,仍清晰可见“美主日从”的格局定位。简言之,“美国第一、日本第二”的战略地位,是当前、也是今后“印太战略”落实进程中的基本格局,难以扭转。美国特朗普政府上台之后,全力打造美国主导的“印太战略”,并希冀与日本、印度、澳大利亚等国家构建辐射整个印太地区的战略合作框架。而作为印太地区的主要组成部分之一,南海区域也被美国等相关国家视为主要的战略视阈范围。此外,为了显示或稳固其在这一地区的军事存在感与政治主导力,特朗普政府不断派遣军舰等军事设备进入南海区域,甚至不惜引发地区局势动荡的战略风险。而作为美国的盟国,也是“印太战略”的重要参与国,日本显然没有对美国的这一挑衅行为表现出任何反对态度,相反,却视其为战略机遇,利用相类似的军事行为,与特朗普政府形成“遥相呼应”之势。

第二,以实际的军事行动做实“大国政治”之名。重塑“政治大国”一直是战后日本多名重要政治家的远大梦想与执着追求。安倍自2012年末重新上台执政以来,就始终以实现日本“大国政治”梦想为自己的政治追求。当然,其中也包含了极为丰富的内容与实践,如“俯瞰地球仪外交”“积极和平主义”等。而面对新形势、新变化,安倍政府又一次举起“印太战略”的大旗,这既是对此前各种政治理念与外交战略的继承,也是其针对地区局势和全球政经环境的因应而变。因此,安倍政府提出的“印太战略”是对日本“政治大国”的思想历史继承,也是日本实现“大国政治”战略的实践创新。

第三,安倍政府试图以“印太战略”的设想来刺激日本社会,使其摆脱保守化、内向化的发展趋势。泡沫经济崩溃之后,随着国内经济的日渐式微,日本政治也逐渐陷入保守化、右倾化的发展趋势,与之相对应的是,日本国内社会的内向化、封闭化的情绪也日渐抬头,这与日本部分政治精英阶层的预期与设想格格不入,因为后者希望将日本打造成“可以与国际社会无缝对接的开放国家”。鉴于此,日本政界高层及领袖型政治家不断推陈出新,提出了一系列饱含战略思想且着眼战略视阈的政策主张,希望一方面可以借此实现战后日本“大国政治”的梦想,另一方面也可以引领日本社会朝向开放化、自由化的社会发展,避免“固步自封”的历史重演。以此为背景,安倍政府所提出的“印太战略”设想,其中也反映出上述的一定思想内涵与战略意图,也希望借此能够将日本社会的战略视阈扩充至整个印太地区,并以此为基点放眼全球社会。从这一层面来看,安倍政府的“印太战略”不仅是对外的,更是对内的。

综上所述,安倍政府的“印太战略”存有内外双向战略目标:一则对外稳固日美同盟,扩大同盟的战略视阈与行动范围;二则追求“大国政治”的梦想,避免国内社会的保守化与封闭化发展趋势。但必须提醒的是,南海区域的战略位置极为重要,而日本“准航母”巡航南海极易引发各方关注,对地区局势的稳定发展并不能产生任何正面且积极影响。对此,日本国内有识之士应加以关注,并劝诫安倍政府谨慎为之。

(陈友骏,上海国际问题研究院副研究员,海外网专栏作者)

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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