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起底南海仲裁案"临时仲裁庭":破坏国际法律秩序

2016-07-14 14:23:27   中国新闻网

4.“仲裁庭”强行扩权违背了国际仲裁的基本要求。

根据现代国际法,任何国际司法或仲裁机构针对国家间争端行使管辖权必须以当事国的同意为基础,即“国家同意原则”。1958年联合国国际法委员会拟定的《仲裁程序示范规则》序文也明确指出:“提出仲裁的约定……产生自当事双方之间的协议”。

众所周知,在涉及领土主权和海洋权益的问题上,中国政府一直坚持由有关国家通过谈判、协商的方式和平解决争端。事实上,中菲之间就通过友好磋商和谈判解决两国在南海的争端也早有共识。例如,1995年8月10日《中华人民共和国和菲律宾共和国关于南海问题和其他领域合作的磋商联合声明》指出,双方“同意遵守”下列原则:“有关争议应通过平等和相互尊重基础上的磋商和平友好地加以解决”。况且,早在2006年中国政府就已根据《联合国海洋法公约》的规定作出声明,将涉及海域划界等事项的争端排除适用仲裁等强制争端解决程序。可见,“仲裁庭”强行扩权违背了国际仲裁要基于国家同意原则的基本要求。

5.“仲裁庭”强行扩权破坏了以国家主权平等原则为基础的国际法律秩序。

现代国际法律秩序是建立在国家主权平等原则的基础上的。各国之间既没有一个统一的最高立法机关来制定法律,也没有一个处于国家之上的司法机关来适用和解释法律,更没有一个凌驾于国家之上的行政机关来执行法律。在各主权国家之间,不存在“垂直的”义务,只存在“水平”的义务。因此,根据国家主权平等原则,争端当事国可自行选择争端解决方式。

《联合国海洋法公约》第280条对此也明确规定:“本公约的任何规定均不损害任何缔约国于任何时候协议用自行选择的任何和平方法解决它们之间有关本公约的解释或适用的争端的权利。”然而,“仲裁庭”不顾中国政府不接受、不参与的基本立场而强行做出裁决,这种扩权行为必将破坏以国家主权平等原则为基础的国际法律秩序。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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