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中国与马来西亚、中国与文莱都在保持双边的沟通和合作,实际上,中国也好、南海周边国家也好,都知道解决南海争议的复杂性,它不是短时间能够解决的,一直在探讨合作的问题。中国也是最早提出搁置争议、共同开发的国家。实际上,针对南海周边国家,当年中国是最早向菲律宾提出的要就南海争议搁置争议共同开发,中国这个政策没有变,有关中菲之间的合作是阿基诺三世政府提起仲裁中断了。为什么我希望这个仲裁结束以后能够翻过这一页,仲裁裁决肯定没有效力,也不会执行,大家还是回到谈判之上,通过谈判解决争议,回到合作的轨道,通过合作来分享共同利益。
我想,无论渔业的合作也好、油气资源合作也好,中国与南海周边国家是可以达成协议的,我们有这个信心,这是中国政府的一贯立场,我们也有这个信心。
香港大公文汇传媒集团记者:
有人认为根据《联合国海洋法公约》第288条第四款有关规定,仲裁庭提起的仲裁事项是否有管辖权应由仲裁庭自行决定,中方认为仲裁庭没有权力审议中菲南海争议,您认为依据是什么?谢谢。
刘振民:
有人是这样说过,仲裁庭有的法官也这样说过,但这就是这个仲裁庭滥用公约、滥用权力的一个表现。为什么呢?公约第15章规定的解决争端程序是一个完整的体系,不能孤立地来看。首先,仲裁庭应该明白,领土主权争议不是公约调整的事项,它是属于传统国际法调整的。第二,根据298条,缔约国是有权将海洋划界争议予以排除的,中国也排除了。如果有人想利用这个所谓“强制解决争端程序”提出申请的话,仲裁庭也应该按照公约的有关条款、有关规定进行审理,他要考虑第280条、第281条,也就是说要首先考虑当事国是不是就解决争端达成协议了。中国政府一直认为,中菲之间的协议明明白白地放在那儿,有很多声明、很多条约放在那,中菲之间是达成了协议的,是通过谈判解决争议,仲裁庭无视这些中菲协议,没有有效适用公约第280条、第281条。仲裁庭滥用了公约的第288条,即“即使你遇到了一个所谓涉及公约的解释和适用的争议,仲裁庭也应该去查清当事国是不是就解释适用的问题进行过讨论”。很遗憾,仲裁庭这一点没有查明。所以说,它是在无视很多事实、无视很多程序的基础上,最后决定说根据第288条第4款,他有权裁定管辖,他完全是滥用程序的过程,这是一个无视中国的权利,滥用公约的过程,所以这个仲裁庭的公信力问题表现在各个方面,它没有公信力,仲裁庭不能这样裁定的,适用程序上要必须严格遵守公约的规定,程序要求走到,它没有走到。你不能拿出一条来说你有权就做这个事,法律没有这样的,法律既规定了权利,也规定了义务,权利和义务是统一的,你不能说只有权利不履行义务,仲裁庭在这个问题上裁定管辖权的时候,想行使权利,但是没有有效履行义务,公约有关条款规定的义务没有履行到。
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