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中美智库激辩南海问题 戴秉国一句话震撼全场

2016-07-07 10:59:51   观察者网

事实上,中美之间虽有100多个对话交流渠道机制,但专门就南海问题的对话却很少,大多美国智库学者对基本的南海事实也不了解,比如,对越南、菲律宾等国非法武力侵占南沙群岛共42个岛礁的事实模糊不清,对中方无意独吞南海、排挤美国的意图狐疑与猜忌,等等。有的美国智库在南海议题上出于意识形态考虑,有的则跟着美国军方与媒体的观点走,而中美南海对话会则近乎于给美方“洗脑”与“再教育”,在对话过程,中方学者处处显示出话题主导力与逻辑优势。

第一环节的主题是“南海问题:中美各自的视角”,第一位主旨发言人、南京大学中国南海研究协同创新中心主任朱锋教授的坦诚,引起全场美方嘉宾的热烈响应。朱锋说,目前南海很危险,紧张局势有可能升级。美方需要想一想,有必要在南海进行中美战略对峙吗?美国无法阻止中国。如果各持己见,就毫无退路,大家都要懂得妥协,避免过激行为。

随后发言的卡内基国际和平基金会高级研究员史文立即呼应朱锋的观点,并道出原由:美国担心被中国逐出亚洲。他呼吁:“我们面临的问题就像刚才朱锋教授提到的,双方会反应过度。中国可能认为主权受到挑衅,美国可能认为自己的立场受到了挑战。”

首轮定调发言引起诸多正面回应。史汀生中心学者、美国国务院前官员容安澜呼应道:双方应站在对方的角度思考,否则谈判就无法推进。但现在,美国对中国未来的不确定性感到焦虑。美国前副助理国防部长谢伟森不无担忧地说:“未来10多个月的冲突几率特别高,我们要避免。”

管控风险的共识迅速达成,使第二环节“多角度看南海分歧与未来”的讨论变得更加直率。耶鲁大学法学院教授葛维宝在主旨发言中高唱“法律的价值”“中国必须遵守国际仲裁庭的裁决”。不过,他的所谓法理论述被接下来的主旨发言人、武汉大学边界与海洋研究院及国际法研究所首席专家易显河教授批驳得体无完肤。

易教授用流利的英文质问道:难道葛维宝教授忘记了奥巴马总统拒绝执行尼加拉瓜仲裁案的历史了吗?美国常讲依法治国,但“态度要诚实,不能在全世界面前玩把戏”,难道国际仲裁庭可以裁决主权吗?是仲裁庭不懂法、不尊重法律精神吧?现在仲裁庭的费用都是由菲律宾承担,可谓“出钱的人声音大”,仲裁庭只听了菲律宾单方面的片面之词。1995年中菲两国就有共同声明,希望通过谈判达成和解,仲裁庭做判决,结果导致谈判消失。易教授最后幽默地问:“现在我的学生问我,仲裁庭的仲裁员是否是法律界的专业人士,我很难回答。”易教授的反驳令美方哑口无言,而转而谈论其他次要议题。

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