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滴滴程维:三十年后 市内交通将交给无人驾驶的飞行器

2017-09-27 11:32:53   

程维:滴滴远远没有接管交通规划。我们希望政府部门提供一些数据和技术支持,管理本身还是政府部门在控制。滴滴也会坚持开放,也希望交通领域有非常开放的生态。

观察者网:滴滴平台可以规划交通流,但终究不能无中生有,还是要靠价格来调节供需,尤其是高峰期人多车少。但是中国人对交通价格非常敏感,铁道部任何一次浮动火车票价来调节客流的尝试,都会引发重大的舆论风波。随着滴滴进入越来越多的交通市场,势必会把市场化原则引入更多的领域,您打算如何应对因此产生的舆论压力?

程维:我们希望不断推出创新产品,让交通越来越便宜、舒适、便捷。我们在推广拼车,我们也在不断创新小巴等产品,提高效率降低成本。未来共享汽车和新能源也会很大程度降低使用成本。滴滴比任何人都希望降低出行成本。

但是定价机制是复杂的经济学和社会学问题。今天滴滴不仅需要工程师,还需要很多社会学家、经济学家、心理学家。我们在和很多大学、知名的教授合作。前段时间北大周其仁教授来滴滴,我们聊了一个很有意思的话题:“经济学意义上,到底滴滴是一个平台还是一个企业?”

交易平台是不负责定价的,比如说淘宝。价格由平台买卖双方博弈得出。但如果是企业就应该定价。那滴滴到底是一个企业还是一个平台,有两派观点。一派观点觉得滴滴是一个平台,那我们就不应该定价,让用户跟司机去博弈。也有平台这样尝试过,有很多司机让你选,去问价格。另一种观点是说滴滴应该是一个企业,需要定价。

实践下来,滴滴是特殊场景下的平台,既是平台,又要定价。平台要实时根据供需给出价格,迅速成交,降低整个交易成本,而不能指望供需双方在很短的时间里面完成价格博弈。比如说告诉你附近有5辆车,每个车价格不同你去谈价,这并不高效,交易成本高。所以我们可能成了第一个直接负责定价的交易平台。

平台参与定价,就必须树立正确的价值观。我们今年4月份决定,动调的收入(即溢价部分)100%给到司机,滴滴不赚1分钱。这样才能保证平台在司机乘客定价过程中的中立性、公正性。

另一方面,如果看过去20年,出行价格的增长显著低于CPI增长。这背后是司机群体的收入增长显著低于其他行业,司机从令人羡慕变成了社会的最底层。现在绝大多数的经济都是过剩经济,而交通是紧缺经济,很多时段和区域一车难求。但司机依然不是一个被向往的行业,短缺没有让司机职业受尊重和追捧。

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