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石墨烯产业化仍在途中 上下游抱团成前行新路径

2017-09-27 10:02:53   

曹殿学因为高校工作原因,接触了更多的石墨烯制备企业。他介绍说,目前的石墨烯产品,从5元1克到300元1克的都有,价格差异主要取决于制备方法、所需要的大小尺度、所需产品批量等。整体来看,物理法要比化学法每克便宜约5元。

石墨烯粉体成为石墨烯产品价格下降的典型代表。根据公开资料,国内主要石墨烯生产厂家数年前刚钢制备出石墨烯时,每克最高售价高达3000元~5000元,到2015年售价为每吨300万元,同等级产品2016年已降到56万元/吨,合0.56元/克。

与石墨烯的价格下滑形成鲜明对比的是,一些“外延产业”价格飞涨。以石墨电极为例,方大炭素由于产品价格大涨使公司今年上半年净利润增幅超过26倍,股价也在7月到8月之间飙升3倍。但业内指出,“石墨烯与石墨电极相差甚远,生产石墨电极的企业今年大多赚得盆满钵满,而石墨烯企业却全部处于亏损之中。”

为什么前些年价比黄金,这两年却出现了明显下跌呢?这与市面上石墨烯生产商数量的增加、企业批量化生产能力的提高、生产技术及工艺的升级等都有密切联系,但与下游应用“空有产量,没有市场”导致的石墨烯存量累积也密切相关。多位业内人士认为,下游应用尚未全面铺开,使石墨烯制备产能出现一种类似“过剩”的特征。

“但这并非真正意义上的过剩。”焦云分析说,由于石墨烯是新的材料之王,还处于适应、研发、推广阶段。所有应用都不是简单加入石墨烯进去就可以,还需要看功效是否能发挥出来。因此,这还需要给行业发展一定的时间。

如何利用下游产业化应用的快速推进,来助力制备企业的健康运营和整个产业链的良性发展,已经成为摆在业界面前的新课题。向联合认为,石墨烯应用端的作用非常重要。“先有市场,后有工厂。只有解决了应用端,才能推动上游原材料产业的发展,从而带动整个石墨烯产业链进入良性循环。”

但原料价格的下跌也对下游的产业化推进带来积极影响。在李义春看来,这种上游“过剩”和下游产业化尚未铺开,其实是符合产业规律的。“产业必须现有原料为基础,然后才能进行下游的产业化过程。这种‘过剩’是一个正常的产业发展过程。”

  盈利难题待解

  产业化提速或推动洗牌

石墨烯产业化仍处于初级阶段,但呈现加速推进趋势,在“概念-产品-量产”的三部曲中,已经逐步走入下半程,这可以视为中国石墨烯产业化目前阶段的概括。

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