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石墨烯产业化仍在途中 上下游抱团成前行新路径

2017-09-27 10:02:53   

“经过多年的产业积累,依靠‘烯’的作用而非‘石墨’的作用生产出来的产品已经越来越多。”中国石墨烯产业技术创新战略联盟秘书长李义春对证券时报记者表示,从下游应用角度看,锂离子电池电极材料、传感器、半导体器件、触摸屏、防腐涂料、海水淡化、水污染治理以及军工装备等领域都已开始应用石墨烯。其中,工业行业借助石墨烯材料的添加以求提升传统产品性能,从而重新建立行业技术壁垒,推进产业升级;民用消费领域也实现了大幅拓展。“解决其他材料无法办到的事情,是石墨烯的真正使命。”

对于工业应用和民用消费领域的差异,向联合分析指出,销往工业B端客户的石墨烯产品通常为中间产品,民用石墨烯产品则是名副其实的商品。在其看来,随着中产阶层“概览型社会”的演进,后者的市场空间相对更为广阔。

一个值得注意的现象是,虽然石墨烯应用“多点开花”,但高端应用依然缺位。哈尔滨工程大学教授曹殿学举例说,虽然早有企业生产出石墨烯手机屏,但是依然难于量产;而石墨烯应用于高端电路等领域的企业在中国也还没有出现。“低端应用可以发挥石墨烯‘工业味精’的作用,这将对传统产业升级产生积极影响;我们更希望通过10年左右时间,实现石墨烯在高端应用领域有所突破。”

既然石墨烯下游应用和产业化在加速推进,为什么高端应用却持续缺位呢?“这并非是石墨烯本身的性能不行,而是技术还没有达到这一阶段。”曹殿学分析,“目前从事石墨烯下游应用的多数为中小民营企业,对于它们来说,生存还是第一问题。受制于高端应用的长期高投入及高风险,中小型民营企业在高端领域少有布局,实力雄厚的大型国企对石墨烯这一新材料也缺乏积极性。”

李义春对此指出,“与国外相比,中国企业在石墨烯高端应用上的投入差距巨大,相关的高端研发技术落后3年,研发成果已落后5年。”但他同时表示,前期研发投入资金量大且周期长,是新材料产业发展的规律。产业发展是一个渐进的过程,从一开始的初级产品到以后的高端产品,需要经过一定的阶段。

民用消费应用市场空间巨大,工业化应用快速推进,高端应用相对缺位,这使中国石墨烯产业化的推进呈现出类“金字塔”结构。虽然整体来看下游应用市场发展迅速,但依然没有石墨烯制备企业想象中来得快。

9月26日,传统煤化工公司宝泰隆(601011)股价涨停。公司近年来确立了以石墨烯为核心的石墨及石墨深加工业务方向,目前拥有150吨的石墨烯制备生产线,产品最优程度已经可以达到1~3层。公司董事长焦云对证券时报记者坦承,公司石墨烯产品虽然已经达到量产,但在销售方面还是缺乏市场,所以尚未大规模生产。“石墨烯如果生产出来很长时间不用,就会出现‘团聚’现象,粘在一起。”而对于公司产品价格,焦云透露,目前1~3层的石墨烯产品仅为每克20元左右。

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