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消费贷“穿马甲”变身购房首付贷

2017-09-26 08:42:54   中国经济网

银行自查效果难言理想

早在今年一季度,多个监管部门就曾联合表态,严禁“穿着各种马甲”的首付贷流入房地产市场。3月底,央行营业管理部、北京银监局、北京市住建委、北京住房公积金管理中心四部门曾联合印发通知,要求对使用首付贷等金融产品加杠杆的客户,应拒绝发放贷款,严禁以消费贷、个人经营性贷款等名义贷出资金用于支付购房首付。

易居研究院智库中心研究总监严跃进表示,严查消费贷流向房地产市场,是对楼市调控的一个重要补充,也释放出楼市调控不会松动的信号。目前,北京楼市出现企稳态势,若市场出现反弹,不排除调控进一步升级的可能性。

多名银行内部人士告诉记者,今年以来各地银行业金融机构的个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款规模快速增长,从市场情况的反应来看,个别银行发放的上述两类贷款确实存在违规流入房地产市场的情况。“不排除未来央行同银监会也会出台相关的意见,指导银行规范个人消费贷款,防止消费贷款继续违规流入房地产市场。”

从日前北京、江苏、深圳三地银监局发布的文件来看,消费贷款违规进入房地产市场的事情已经引起了监管部门的注意。9月5日,北京银监局、央行营业管理部联合印发的通知中,要求辖内银行业金融机构重点检查“房抵贷”等资金违规流入房地产市场的情况,其中明确要求银行自查对象为单笔20万元以上消费贷,并着重关注房抵贷、短期内办理2笔及以上消费贷款、贷后短期回流至借款人账户等7项特征。江苏、深圳等省市也相继发布了相关的监管通知。

上述银行内部人士认为,尽管各地银行已经在积极落实监管要求,且一些银行早已定期开展自查行动,但自查效果难言理想。在他看来,监管更加关注长期、大额消费贷款,至于监管对于违规存量业务的处理和增量业务会做何调整,目前无法得知。

资金多次转账后难追查

作为消费贷发放的源头,银行又该如何规范消费贷的审核和发放?

业内人士介绍,目前银行的普遍做法是,针对30万元以上的抵押贷款,在放款时要求只能刷卡或委托支付使用,如此一来可以通过系统监控到每一笔与该银行卡有关的交易动向,一旦资金出现可疑操作或流向房地产市场,银行会立马收贷;30万元以下的信用贷款,对于选择提现的用户要求在申请时明确贷款用途,并提供后续消费小票供贷后检查,一旦出现实际用途与申请用途不符的情况,银行会启动系统追查资金流向,如果违反监管流入房地产市场,也会实行收贷。

“尽管银行出台了相应的资金流向监管措施,但是实际操作起来仍然有一定难度。”招商银行负责贷款发放的一名业务经理告诉记者,如果贷款人有心将卡内的资金通过多次转账或者其他避开监管的方式提现,系统很难对后续的每一笔交易都进行核查。至于额度略低的信用贷款,虽然银行要求贷款者明确贷款用途,但是事实上也很难对每一笔交易进行核实。“真正对每一笔贷款实现实时监控或者事后监控,需要投入大量的人力和财力,从现在来看,主要还是依靠购房者的自律。”

“对于一些急需提升业绩的银行工作人员或者银行来说,即使他本身知道这笔贷款有可能会流入房地产市场,但是在贷款带来的利益面前,也不会太在意这件事。”该业务经理告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,按揭贷款的利率本身要比消费贷款低,楼市政策收紧后,各家银行都在大力推广消费贷。在这种情况下,难免会有一些漏洞被部分中介和机构所利用。

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