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光伏201调查成窝里斗 连美方都联名反对

2017-09-24 07:31:52   中国经济网

光伏“201案”最初起源于 2017年4月27日,刚刚宣布破产的美国太阳能公司Suniva提请美国国际贸易委员会,要求运用“201条款”,对非美国制造的所有太阳能光伏产品实施贸易救济,设立最低进口价格。随后一个月,美国国际贸易委员会发布公告,称应国内光伏企业Suniva申请,对全球光伏电池及组件发起保障措施调查(“201调查”)。

2017年5月17日,ITC接受了Suniva公司的诉求,对于进口至美国的晶体硅太阳能电池及组件启动“201调查”。曾于2011年、2012年两次发起向中国光伏企业征收“惩罚性关税”的美国“双反”案的始作俑者,于今年5月份宣布破产的SolarWorld公司随即也加入了这起诉讼。

舆论立时哗然,业内普遍开始担忧,这主要是因为,较之双反等贸易救济措施,美国“201条款”更具随意性,且杀伤力更大。一定意义上讲,一旦Suniva公司的申请通过,全球光伏贸易战或将全面升级。

这也引起了全球光伏业界的普遍关注。“几乎所有的美国市场光伏大腕企业和知名人士都出席了8月15日的听证会。”阿特斯阳光电力集团员工马女士作为企业代表,随同中国机电产品进出口商会牵头组织的中国光伏企业代表团,出席了此次听证会。她对经济观察报回忆道,除了阿特斯以外,诸如Sun Power、First Solar、NRG、AES等的光伏企业都派代表出席。

会场后排,还坐着美国光伏行业协会组织的30多名代表,统一的黄色文化衫上印有“反对关税,保护光伏工作岗位!”的字样。

据商务部数据显示,2016年美光伏市场新增装机容量14.76GW,同比增长近一倍,行业就业人数增长25%。在商务部发言人看来,进口光伏产品并未对美国内产业造成损害,反而对相关产业发展和扩大就业起到了积极推动作用。美方如发起调查,必将损害国内相关产业,影响工人就业。

这种关于损害国内产业的担忧弥漫在美国光伏产业相关方心头。9月21日,在ITC损害宣判前夕,来自内华达州、科罗拉多州、马萨诸塞州、北卡罗来纳州的四位州长递交了联名信表示反对,他们认为该调查一旦实施,成倍的价格将使太阳能装置的安装率在2019年下降超过50%,并称该调查将使美国减少88000个就业机会,其中包括大量的制造业岗位。

同样躺在ITC委员会办公桌上的还有来自太阳能工业协会(SEIA)的信件。SEIA在致ITC委员会秘书LisaR.Barton的信中指出,Suniva仅提交了201节的请愿书,以获得联邦援助偿还债权人的不良投资。但是,Suniva或SolarWorld都没有提交一份生存计划,解释如果美国国际贸易委员会(USITC)给予救济,他们将如何计划有效运作组件制造业务。

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