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消费金融,群雄逐鹿谁靠谱

2017-09-21 07:17:43   中国经济网

中国工商银行数据显示,截至今年6月末,该行信用卡发卡量已近1.3亿张,较5年前增长了75%,稳居全球第一大发卡银行地位,2012年以来客户使用工行信用卡支付的消费金额已累计达到11万亿元。

第二层是商业银行近两年快速兴起的个人消费信用贷款业务,优势是利率水平相对较低,额度较高,纯信用贷款,无需抵押担保,从申请到放款全部线上完成,效率较高。

第三层是消费金融公司,持牌经营的非银机构。从2009年开始,我国陆续在北京、天津、上海、成都开展了首批消费金融公司试点,2013年又新增了12个试点城市,2015年试点正式扩大至全国。

第四层是互联网金融机构,以蚂蚁金服“花呗”和京东金融“白条”最为典型,前者脱胎于淘宝电商平台,后者则借助京东商城平台,都是在购物结算场景中嵌入分期付款的借贷业务。

定位差异要分清

值得注意的是,上述四种类别的机构定位各异,从而形成了多层次、多元化的金融服务体系。因此,借款人在选择机构时,应分析各自特征,并结合自身资信状况、价格偏好综合考量。

门槛相对较高,这是商业银行信用卡业务、个人消费信用贷款的普遍特征。出于风险管控目的,多数银行采取“白名单”客户模式,即只有符合该行授信门槛、相关信用记录优良的客户才有资格申请贷款。

“但这也存在一个问题。”某股份制银行个人金融业务部相关负责人表示,目前银行对客户的授信依据仍凭借客户在该行的过往资金流水、借款记录等数据信息,如果客户资质优良但没有与该行发生过借贷关系,这名客户仍很难被列入白名单。

为此,拓展数据维度成为必然。据悉,工行正在探索引入第三方互联网平台数据、社保、税务、公积金等行外可证实收入信息,将现有白名单客户数量扩大至亿级。截至今年6月末,符合办理该行个人消费信用贷款条件的用户量已超过1.11亿人,授信总额5.4万亿元,累计放款624亿元。

即便如此,商业银行仍存在无法覆盖的人群,尤其是缺乏银行借贷记录的中低收入年轻群体。如何补位?消费金融公司应运而生。

“‘小额、短期、分散’是消费金融公司需要坚持的原则。”中国银监会相关负责人表示,从实践看,消费金融公司的户均贷款多在1万元以下,贷款期限通常在1年以内。

招联消费金融公司总经理章杨清表示,目前公司用户涵盖了传统银行业务覆盖不到的低学历、中低收入年轻人群,其中大专及以下学历客户占比72%,34岁以下客户占比83%。

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