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机构业务受阻 公募去定制化或重归零售

2017-09-20 07:57:20   中国经济网

债基是机构投资最多的基金品种。而Wind数据显示,2016年仅有554只债券型基金(A、B、C类分开计算)有收益,占比30%,剩下的70%债基陷入亏损。2016年机构投资对固收类基金预期收益率普遍在4%以上,甚至有的为5%,然而当年仅有58只基金的收益率达到4%,占比仅3%。

事实上,由于机构对市场和收益敏感,大量机构投资往往是同进同出,波动很大,而当机构大面积撤退时,往往迫使基金大面积抛售,进而互相踩踏。对此,多家公募基金人士都对记者表示无奈。

“如果收益相差10BP,机构就会转到别家。” 张浩表示,相对来说,散户是基金中最好的客户资源,他们对收益率的波动不敏感,所以散户多的基金比较稳定。

“机构更愿意投散户比较多的基金。”张浩说。

比如,基金新规中有一条,单一投资者持有基金份额超过20%时,须在基金公开报告的“影响投资者决策的其他重要信息”项下,对投资者和持有的份额进行披露。事实上,机构一般不愿意披露这些信息。

张浩表示,“一不小心,机构的申购就可能超过20%。所以做好了零售业务,才能做更多的机构业务。比如有100亿的零售,就可以做20亿的机构业务,有1000亿的零售,就可以做200亿的机构业务。”

对此,另一家大型基金公司固收部的负责人也认同这种趋势,“监管部门导向就是公募基金去定制化。”

证监会9月4日发布的《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》新规为机构的公募基金定制化设制了种种门槛。比如,定制化基金为货币基金,不得采用摊余成本法。否则要求80%以上资产配置利率债、现金和5个交易日内到期的金融工具。

张浩表示,新规或将使部分机构业务受阻,定制基金不再受欢迎。

而另一家规模在前10的基金公司人士也告诉记者,“我们一直重点是做散户业务。去年散户市场很难做,我们做零售的同事一直在拼,但股债市场表现都一般,基金很难卖出去。今年感觉好一些了,我们基金卖得还不错。”

为什么重视零售业务?上述规模前10的基金公司人士表示,“去年虽然机构业务好做,但领导一直强调要坚守零售阵地,因为零售是公募本源,如果市场不好做就放弃,那么市场好了也会抛弃我们。”

事实上,零售化的趋势今年正在基金业的某些领域内悄无声息发展,而机构化趋势则在收缩。

来自国金证券的数据显示,2017年上半年,机构投资者共持有各类型开放式基金份额合计34819.64亿份(剔除成立未满一年的基金),占比为44.17%;个人投资者持有各类型开放式基金份额共44002.67亿份,占比为55.83%。与2016年末相比,机构投资者持有开放式基金份额下降较为明显,整体降幅为23.08%;从机构投资者占比上看,今年上半年持有开放式基金的比例与2016年末相比,也有较为明显的下降,由56.20%降至44.17%。

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