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科大讯飞盈利22.67亿不及融资四成

2017-09-18 08:51:40   中国经济网

科大讯飞子公司数量变化也印证了其规模的迅猛扩张。上市之初,其拥有的子公司仅5家,去年底已达61家,数量增长了11倍。

为了支撑大举扩张,科大讯飞不断募资。

回溯公告发现,2011年至今的5年时间,科大讯飞每年都实施了定增募资,共计募资50.03亿元。算上首发募资3.39亿元和银行借款6.76亿元,融资总额达到60.18亿元。而这还不包括一些子公司的融资。

值得关注的是,上市以来累计净利润为22.67亿元,派现6.76亿元,不及融资总额的四成。

两项费用猛增 盈利能力持续下滑

10年间销售收入和净利润的复合增长率均超30%的科大讯飞,盈利能力已现持续下滑趋势。

科大讯飞的毛利率较为稳定,一直保持在50%左右,但是,其主营业务利润率和净利润率持续下降,而且净利润率意外的高于主营业务利润率。此外,非经常性损益平均占公司净利润的25%左右,去年更是达到了45%。这也说明主营业务的盈利能力在持续下降。

此外,科大讯飞的销售业收入的增速与净利润的增速不相匹配。如2015年至今年上半年,营业收入的增速为40.87%、32.78%、43.79%,而净利润的增速则为12.09%、13.90%、下降58.11%。扣非净利润增长率更是从2013年开始下滑,去年更是达到了10%以上的负增长。

主营利润持续下降与科大讯飞的销售费用和管理费用大幅增长密切相关。

数据显示,2015年、2016年,销售费用从3.75亿元增加至6.48亿元,增幅72.8%,管理费用由5.65亿元增加至7.29亿元,增幅29.03%。销售费用大幅增长缘于销售人员增加了580人,增加了84.92%。不过,如此大幅度增加人员并未导致销售收入大幅增加。同样,管理费用的增长也是人员大幅增长所致,一年增加240多人,增幅为1.5倍。增加人员的原因是并购和新投资了很多分公司。

导致主营利润持续下滑的两项费用大幅增长,将直接考验科大讯飞的资源有效整合,从而实现协同效应。这也正是薛云奎所质疑的“科大讯飞不擅长管理大公司”。

不仅是两项费用挤压了科大讯飞的净利润,应收账款和存货水平的攀升,不仅会吞噬其净利润,还将殃及其现金流。

2014年至今年上半年,其应收账款为11.92亿元、14.30亿元、17.98亿元、24.89亿元,今年上半年较2014年翻了一倍多。同期存货为1.81亿元、3.13亿元、6.04亿元、8.32亿元,上半年是2014年的4.60倍。

值得一提的是,去年科大讯飞实际核销的应收账款达0.67亿元。

应收账款和存货的大幅增长殃及了今年上半年的净利润。

数据显示,上半年,科大讯飞营业收入大增43.79%为21.02亿元,净利润1.07亿元,同比大降58.11%。上半年,应收账款较年初增加6.91亿元,存货增加2.28亿元,计提坏账准备0.46亿元。

应收账款的大幅增加及坏账计提,吞噬公司当期净利润明显,也导致公司流动性偏紧。上半年,科大讯飞经营活动现金流量净额为-7.31亿元,而去年底为2.99亿元。现金回笼太慢,或将导致财务风险。

对此,科大讯飞回应质疑称,公司的任务是,人工智能核心技术抢占制高点,保持用户数、销售收入、毛利的快速增长。加大研发投入,加大市场投入,不以当前税后利润的增长为第一目标。

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