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多层次股权投融资市场 助力经济结构转型升级

2017-09-16 07:21:43   中国经济网

■一 帆

年中召开的全国金融工作会议提出,“要把发展直接融资放在重要位置”,明确了直接融资的重要性。因而,随着国内经济转型升级的稳步推进、创新创业的蓬勃发展,理顺融资和投资关系的重要性日益凸显。日前,中国证监会副主席姜洋也表示,稳步发展股权融资,加速资本形成。正好呼应了全国金融工作会议的精神,明确了资本市场发展的方向。

首先,中国经济结构转型需要股权融资的支持。当前供给侧结构性改革正处在深入推进阶段,不论是经济存量上的国企改革,民企提升,还是经济增量上的中小企业创新创业,都存在股权融资的需求。这不仅仅体现在资金上的需求,还体现在公司治理、经营管理和发展层面。有实力的金融资本相助,将有效降低企业杠杆水平,加剧企业资源整合,人才的集聚,创新创意的迸发,提升企业管理效率,增强市场竞争力,从而促进国内经济结构转型,产业升级目标的实现。

其次,国内股权投资群体正在茁壮成长。数据显示,截至2017年7月底,中国证券投资基金业协会已登记私募基金管理人20110家,已备案私募基金58734只,管理基金规模9.95万亿元,私募基金管理人员工总人数22.53万人。其中,股权和创投私募管理基金规模高达6.14万亿元,管理人数量达11543家,管理基金数量达24419只。从这些数据可以看出,股权投资基金规模占比超6成,显示这一群体代表了投资的主流,表达了对股权投资方向的市场性认可。

而且,从政府主导的股权投资基金、并购基金,到商业银行试点通过设立控股子公司、签订跨领域合作协议等形式逐步涉足股权投资,再到保监会研究建立保险资金非重大股权投资负面清单制度,支持险资通过股权投资服务实体经济。可以想见,股权投资队伍的壮大使得企业股权融资需求的满足成为可能。

第三,在投融资之间,有效的多层次市场正在不断完善。场外市场及区域性股权交易市场、新三板的蓬勃发展,为具有融资需求的处于种子期、初创期、成长期的非上市科创企业与股权投资群体的对接提供了展示与交流的平台,不仅能够有效缓解其发展阶段的资金短缺问题,还将推动“双创”经济战略的发展,促进就业与经济增长。而A股市场主板、中小板、创业板的架构日渐清晰丰满,新股发行走向常态化,创业板发行条件持续优化,上市公司再融资制度日臻完善,优先股发行得到提倡,上市公司融资结构不断改善。

由此,股权融资需求旺盛和股权投资的蓬勃发展,为实现两者对接功能的多层次股权投融资市场体系提供了巨大发展机遇,同时也对这一市场的基础制度建设、实现有效市场监管、保护投资者合法权益等方面提出了更高要求。

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