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贝因美巨亏后二次大跃进

2017-09-15 20:26:51   中国经济网

事实果真如此吗?如果注册制的影响如此之大,为何同行竞争对手所受影响几乎看不见呢?贝因美将自身经营问题归因于客观因素显然是错误的。

亏损真相

除了收入下降的影响外,应收账款的大幅计提是贝因美业绩变脸的主要原因。

2017年上半年,贝因美应收账款合计计提金额达到2.95亿元,而期初该金额为1.2亿元,涨幅达到1.46倍。

在近3亿元的应收账款坏账中,单项计提是大幅增加的主要所在,其中,“非持续经营客户”所欠的1.16亿元全部计提坏账,“持续经营能力减弱客户”的2.45亿元欠款计提了1亿元坏账,计提比例为40.9%。

按账龄法计提的应收账款实际上并没有太大变化,2015年和2016年,按账龄计提的应收账款坏账分别为7623万元和7233万元,2017年上半年为7818万元。因此,超过两亿元的单项应收账款坏账计提是贝因美业绩变脸的主要原因之一。

2015-2016年,贝因美的应收账款分别为13.63亿元和11.66亿元,而行业龙头伊利股份(600887.SH)每年的应收账款不过5.72亿元。贝因美的销售额尚不及伊利股份的10%,公司的应收账款占比之高可见一斑。

贝因美应收账款占比如此之高是因为公司两年前向渠道的压货。2015年中报时,贝因美的应收账款只有3.86亿元,年底时猛增至13.63亿元;同期公司的存货由10.55亿元下降至5.94亿元。

之后贝因美的存货基本维持在6.5亿元左右,而应收账款始终超过10亿元。这种“倒仓”行为不过是将奶粉由贝因美的仓库放入了经销商的仓库,去库存并没有实现真正的终端销售,如今应收账款坏账风险终于爆发。

除了单项计提的应收账款坏账之外,分账龄的应收款也是贝因美的一大“心病”。公司1-2年的应收账款已经达到2.89亿元,2016年年末时还是1.37亿元,半年时间已经翻倍,如果下半年这一趋势无法得到扭转,那么贝因美坏账计提还将持续攀升。

这就是公司甩货给经销商带来的后果,说是对贝因美的惩罚也并不为过。不过,贝因美将业绩亏损的原因归咎于注册制实施前行业混乱,经销商观望导致收入减少,那么按照这样的逻辑,同行也应该遇到这样的问题。

伊利股份半年报援引尼尔森零研数据显示,2017年1-6 月,线下实体零售渠道婴幼儿配方奶粉零售额比上年同期增长9.4%,增幅明显快于同期水平。艾瑞电商监测数据显示,整体乳品在电商渠道的零售额规模已达88.4亿元,比上年同期增长22%。

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