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新规直击股票质押风险点 场外质押摩拳擦掌

2017-09-14 07:47:53   中国经济网

“银行通过资管产品进行股票质押式回购风险其实是非常大的,例如乐视网这种情况,想卖出,无法卖出;想补仓又补不了仓。银行业务大发展,很多中小银行在从事上述业务,但没有健全的风控机制,有很多股票质押业务并不被外界所知,可一旦表现出来,信用风险是非常高的。”该负责人透露。

上海市场自2013年6月24日正式启动股票质押回购业务。该业务聚焦于服务实体经济发展的定位,满足了上市公司股东的融资需求,对证券公司提升综合业务能力、推进业务转型具有积极意义。截至2017年6月,沪市股票质押待购回余额4392亿元,累计初始交易金额12369亿元。

警惕场外质押“野蛮生长”

“银行、券商不能做,但市场上一些机构在做场外质押,质押率能做高到七折,且期限很短。有些利率甚至达到月息2分。”上海一家投资公司的投资经理表示:“应当引起警惕的是,质押‘指引’出台前一、两个月,部分上市公司股东在积极进行质押融资,甚至把持有的全部股票都押上。我当时觉得很奇怪。现在看来,可能是他们提前感觉到了政策风向的变化。”

业内人士表示,办理场外质押融资的一般可分为两种情况。第一种是过桥贷款。有些定增、重组、借壳上市都需要大股东缴纳一大笔资金。所以,一些上市公司大股东在定增、重组等方案获批以后,会找融资机构,确定好一旦缴纳资金(过桥资金)获得股票,融资机构就要在最短的时间内给办好股票质押贷款,去归还过桥资金。也就是说,大股东找好下家之后拿过桥完成资金缴纳,取得股票后质押还钱。用股票质押的一点点成本获得了很多股票和融资款。

另一种情况是,大股东通过定增持有的股票,有一年到三年的锁定期。所以不少大股东选择用8.5%-9.5%左右的股票质押利息贷出资金,尽早套现。如果股票是优质标的,容易变现,融资成本还要更低一点。还有一些会选择滚动还款,就是到期之后继续质押给下一家,这样就可以以合理的成本占用大笔资金去做更有效的投资或其他项目。

该人士还透露,很多大股东都是把自己持有的股票全部质押的,特别是创业板的股东,多数都近乎满仓质押。他说:“很多股东质押融资,放杠杆,多融钱,还咬死利率,拿着钱去投其他产业,或买高收益的理财产品。这些情况都很常见。”

值得庆幸的是,《上市公司治理准则》已经纳入今年《关于2017年深化经济体制改革重点工作的意见》中,《意见》中提到今年多层次资本市场的改革任务时指出,要修订上市公司治理准则,完善事中事后监管制度,从严从重打击资本市场的各类违法违规行为。

瑞银证券的研报指出,降低质押集中度有利于降低单只股票的风险扩大。由于老产品可以延期,新产品要按照新规则进行,总体而言,政策的力度相对较为温和。

(原标题:新规直击股票质押风险点 场外质押摩拳擦掌)

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