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央行孙国峰:构建中国金融科技监管“双支柱”

2017-09-13 08:36:28   新华网

此外,金融科技还会涉及金融消费者保护的问题。目前很多金融大数据是从互联网平台上产生的,而有些金融科技公司和互联网公司往往是一个集团,数据在通过互联网平台向金融领域传递的过程中有可能损害消费者对于大数据的知情权、隐私权、选择权。比如,从电商交易平台、社交网络获得的数据转移到金融领域之后,有可能用于分析个人信用状况,影响到个人借贷的行为,但是消费者当时在电商交易平台、社交网络时,并没有授权这些平台对其个人信用状况进行分析,事实上这中间可能涉及侵犯消费者的隐私问题。因此,加强对金融消费者保护也是防范金融风险的重点。

总体来说,金融科技还是具有很强的风险特征,必须要加强监管。

至于叫停ICO,实际上ICO涉嫌非法发售代币票券、非法发行证券以及非法集资、金融诈骗、传销等违法犯罪活动,当前,叫停ICO是十分必要和及时的。但是这并不妨碍相关的金融科技公司、行业机构、技术公司去继续研究区块链技术,区块链本身是好技术,并不是只有通过ICO才能进行区块链技术研究,还可以通过各种技术进行研究。因此,要把区块链技术和ICO区分开来,区块链技术可以运用很多领域、场景,包括一些社会管理领域场景,不应当将区块链和ICO划等号,需要进一步拓宽研究和发展区块链技术的视野。

 微观功能监管要与宏观审慎管理相结合

记者:您认为国外金融科技监管有哪些经验值得借鉴?对于完善我国金融科技监管有何建议?

中国金融科技监管要注重微观功能监管和宏观审慎管理相结合。微观功能监管采取穿透式监管,根据金融科技的金融特征,按照相关业务的类别由相关监管当局进行监管,实现监管全覆盖,避免监管空白。宏观审慎管理是把金融科技纳入到宏观审慎管理框架当中去,完善支付机构客户备付金集中制度。而且很重要的是应当把具有系统重要性的金融科技公司纳入宏观审慎管理框架。

孙国峰:我国的金融体系和金融市场特点决定了我国的金融科技风险可能会比较突出。目前,国际上金融科技监管模式大致可以分为两类,一类是一些相对小型开放的经济体并且是国际金融中心,比如英国、新加坡。这些国家由于自身市场比较小,金融科技发展产生的风险隐患并不是很突出,同时肩负着国际金融中心发展的任务,会采取一些鼓励措施,包括监管沙盒的引进;另一类是一些大型的经济体且金融市场特别大,比如美国、中国。在此背景下,金融科技运用和发展依托于互联网,如果用户数量足够多、市场足够大的,很有可能实现盈利。中国与美国有相似之处,就是两个国家都比较大、人口多、金融市场大。除此之外,中国还具有明显独特的优势,互联网用户数比美国多,特别是移动智能手机占有率比美国高,加之中国金融科技发展自身需求大、动力强。不过,美国发展金融科技在技术上具有一些领先优势,且监管严格。而中国在金融科技运用场景方面虽明显领先,但也存在监管模糊地带,特别重要的是个人数据保护不及美国完善。当然这在发展初期,可能有利于金融科技快速发展,但是发展到今天,必须要抓紧完善相关监管体系,不应允许因法律法规不明确导致个人数据隐私权受到损害的现象发生。

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