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“套路贷”钻了监管和刑事打击的空子

2017-09-13 07:31:22   中国经济网

北京市威宇律师事务所高级合伙人滕立章律师建议,老百姓在借款的时候要尽量远离高利贷及一些不规范的贷款公司,确实迫不得已,在办理借款或者涉及相关文件签署时最好咨询专业人士。

除了此次公布案例的上海地区,根据媒体的报道,“套路贷”在全国范围内都存在,尤其是沿海和发达地区比较多,这些地方经济相对活跃,借款和融资需求较多。

既然“套路贷”诈骗行为社会危害大、影响大,为何还是不断有人上当,且没有被有效打击呢?

“套路贷涉及的法律问题很多,比如如何区分是高利贷还是诈骗?如何证明行为人的犯罪故意?如何证明贷款的虚假等等。在司法实践中这些方面有时候争议会很大。”滕立章律师指出。

此次上海高院也对高利贷和“套路贷”的区别做了分析。高利贷是指索取特别高额利息的贷款行为。“套路贷”与高利贷的区别首先就表现在,行为目的的不同。“套路贷”的“借款”是被告人侵吞被害人财产的借口,所以“套路贷”是以“借款”为名行非法占有被害人财物之实;而高利贷出借人希望借款人按约定支付高额利息并返还本金,目的是为了获取高额利息。

另外,两者的区别还体现在手段方法、侵害客体和法律后果方面的不同。

刑事打击五大难点

过去此类案件很少被视为刑事案件处理,这在一定程度上也助长了“套路贷”的气焰。

彭新林认为,对于“套路贷”的打击存在5大难点。

一是发现难。

“套路贷”的发生发展通常有潜伏期。一般情况下,只有侵犯了被害人权利时才会案发。有些人只是被骗了钱财也就自认倒霉了,并不会报警;而且套路贷有很多合法的“证据”,比如“借款合同”“银行流水”等。

二是立案难。

滕立章律师指出,因为有看上去形式完全合法的借款协议、银行流水等资料,受害人往往手里没有任何证据,难以提供充分证据来证明其中的“套路”,往往造成案件难以刑事立案,相反却在民事诉讼中屡屡败诉被判赔款。

“放贷人敢如此明目张胆的诈骗,一方面肯定是由于骗子们受到巨大非法利益的诱惑,另一方面是目前司法实践当中对民事纠纷和刑事案件的界限不太好界定。”徐卫平律师说。

“民事领域中的欺诈和刑事领域中的诈骗在形式上是有相似之处,但是在法律专业人员的眼中,这两者是性质完全不同的。通俗地讲,欺诈是指行为人因不遵守诚实信用原则造成对方意思表示瑕疵而合同效力存疑的情形;而诈骗则是犯罪分子以非法占有为目的而实施的直接掠夺被害人钱财的行为。套路贷案件中的骗子们就是钻了过去民刑交界处的“空子”,给自己套上民事纠纷的外衣,实施刑事犯罪的勾当。”徐卫平介绍。

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