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沪港深38家上市中资行净利大比拼 有哪些成效归因?

2017-09-11 07:27:39   中国经济网

部分中小银行仍看天吃饭

与净利增速“十强”形成对照的,是青岛银行、天津银行、华夏银行等净利增速徘徊在1%左右的几乎“贴地飞行”的银行,它们上半年分别取得12.8亿元、26.2亿元、99.1亿元的净利润。盛京银行、江阴银行、九台农商行更是净利负增长,上半年分别获利35亿元、3.4亿元和9亿元,同比下降3.24%、5.75%和12.84%。

“银行业绩出现波动通常可从两个方面分析,一是当地整体经济是否不如意;二是银行的管理能力是否先进。”华东地区某位资深银行业管理人士对《投资者报》记者说。而反观区域经济对银行净利润的影响,不乏十分典型的案例。

最突出的是贵阳银行。该行受益于区域经济的快速发展,上半年净利同比增速22.7%。作为城商行,贵阳银行的业务集中于贵州省内,而近年来贵州省享受多项国家产业、扶贫等优惠政策,经济发展形势喜人,被认为具备“天时”。2016年以来,国务院陆续批准贵州成为首批国家生态文明试验区、大数据综合试验区、内陆开放型经济试验区、绿色金融改革创新试验区。

不过,在贵阳银行的营收结构中,净利息收入与手续费及佣金净收入比重仍相对失衡,分别占营业收入比重88.9%和11%。且净利息收入增长主要在规模增长驱动下,依靠贷款、债券投资及买入返售金融资产所贡献的利息收入,这显然与银行业转型所普遍追求的放弃以规模扩张做大蛋糕的发展方式背道而驰。

虽然净利高速增长,但贵阳银行贷款余额中占比较大的建筑业和房地产业的不良率也在上行。截至6月底,公司不良贷款率1.46%,较年初上升 0.04个百分点,好在不良贷款的先行指标关注类贷款和逾期贷款占比较2017年初均下降了0.3个百分点,暂缓了不良上行的压力。但贷款投向的过度集中不利于风险管理。数据显示,贵阳银行借助地区基础建设的高潮,在贷款投向上有所调整,上半年水利、环境和公共设施管理业与租赁和商业服务业等不良贷款率较低行业的贷款占比分别提升了0.9 与0.41个百分点。

而命运多舛的江阴银行显然没这么幸运。半年报的不理想使得江阴银行净利润增速和营收在行业排名中垫底。与此同时,其子公司宣汉诚民村镇银行涉诉总金额高达3.47亿元的6个票据纠纷案,和控股的双流诚民村镇银行在去年受到的监管处罚,亦暴露出江阴银行背后的管理漏洞。

据了解,江阴银行的所在地江阴市是制造业高度发展地区,企业客户多为合伙制和股份制的中小型企业。但随着实体经济结构性调整和制造业的转型发展,制造业等实体经济企业发展面临一定挑战,部分企业风险逐步暴露。江阴银行的部分异地机构及村镇银行所在区域的经济金融环境不容乐观,造成生息资产规模与收入增长趋缓及合并口径情况下贷款不良率略增。半年报显示,江阴银行的不良贷款率为2.45%,较上年末增加0.04个百分点,拨备覆盖率176.11%,较上年末增加5.97个百分点。而由于资本金规模较小,扩张方式单一,各业务发展受一定制约,日前江阴银行亦提出拟公开发行不超过20亿元人民币的可转换公司债券融资。

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